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Colorant dispersions

a colorant and dispersive technology, applied in the field of colorant dispersions, can solve the problems of low product yield, narrow operating limits, and sterically stabilized pigment particles

Inactive Publication Date: 2000-01-04
XEROX CORP
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  • Summary
  • Abstract
  • Description
  • Claims
  • Application Information

AI Technical Summary

Problems solved by technology

Also, these known fluidizers and processes thereof possess narrow operating limits, and in many instances low product yields are obtained.
Additionally, conventional processes for preparing sterically and / or electrostatically stabilized resin, or sterically stabilized pigment particles possess a number of disadvantages including the known complex problems associated with anionic and cationic processes which require scrupulously dry solvents and reactants, and monomer compounds without reactive functionality.
Covalent attachment of these and other stabilizer compounds to the particle surface can be difficult and costly.
The aforementioned stable free radicals and related derivatives are satisfactory for the purpose of moderating the polymerization of a wide variety of different monomer types and comonomers, and are not as effective when used in the homopolymerizations of acrylate monomers.
C. At temperatures below about 100.degree. C., the reaction rate is slow and not as attractive industrially without the aid of an acid or base accelerating additive compou
C. Reactions performed above 200.degree. C. tend to result in a broadening of the polydispers
Stable free radical agents which have limited monomer solubility are still useful, but may require a monomer miscible cosolvent or else these stable free radical compounds tend to result in less predictable polymerization processes.
If the stable free radical agent separates out of the monomer phase to any great extent then the balance lo desired between the mole ratio of the stable free radical agent, free radical initiator, and propagating free radical polymer chain species may be upset.
If the [SFR:INIT.] is too low, then the reaction product has undesired increased polydispersity.

Method used

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Examples

Experimental program
Comparison scheme
Effect test

example ii

Preparation of Carbon Black Dispersion:

A carbon black dispersion was prepared with a modified Microfluidizer model M110F in a closed system for high temperature operation.

Modification of Microfluidizer M110F:

The model M100F microfluidizer was modified for the purpose of this Example. A 6 foot heating tape, available from Electrothermal (cat. #HT642 S962) was wrapped around the lower half of the feeding tank. Air inlet and outlet tube connectors were installed on two holes tapped on opposite side of the isolator for the purpose of cooling down the plunger seal and the face seal in the seal retainer area with air at a temperature between about 5 to about 60.degree. C. A cooling jacket was installed around the pump body to cool down the temperature of the pump body and the seal retainer. The cooling temperature in the jacket was maintained between -55 and -65.degree. C. The steam pressure built up within the feeding tank could be controlled between 0 and 40 psi by installing a cooling ...

example iii

Preparation of Yellow Dispersion:

A yellow dispersion was prepared by essentially repeating Example II except for three changes: 1) the use of Sunbrite Yellow 14 (6001) available from Sun Chemicals instead of carbon black; 2) the pigmented polymer solution (40 grams of solid in 200 grams of water) was processed in a Szegvari Attritor System Type 01S, 0.19 inch SS shots, available from Union Process for 1 hour at room temperature and then at 80.degree. C. until 90 percent of the particles are below 100 nanometers (volume average) as measured with a Nicomp Particle Sizer, and prior to adding the solution (diluted with water to 400 grams total) to the microfluidizer tank the sample was centrifuged (Damon / IEC HT Centrifuge) at 5,000 rpm for a period of 5 minutes to remove any stainless steel contamination by decanting the solution; the microfluidizer processing temperature, 130.degree. C., and pressure, 13,000 psi, was maintained for 2 hours. The ratio of pigment to polymer was 1:1. The ...

example iv

Preparation of Yellow Dispersion:

A yellow dispersion was prepared as per Example II except for three changes: 1) the use of Sunbrite Yellow 14 (6001) available from Sun Chemical instead of carbon black; 2) the pigmented polymer solution (40 grams of solid in 200 grams of water) was processed in a Szegvari Attritor System Type 01S, 0.19 in SS shots, available from Union Process, for 1 hour at room temperature and then at 80.degree. C. until 90 percent of the particles were below 100 nanometers (volume average) as measured with a Nicomp Model 370 Particle Sizer, and prior to adding the solution (diluted with water to 400 grams total) to the microfluidizer tank the sample was centrifuged (Damon / IEC HT Centrifuge) at 5,000 rpm for a period of 5 minutes to remove any stainless steel contamination by decanting the solution; the microfluidizer processing temperature, 130.degree. C., and pressure, 13,000 psi, was maintained for 2 hours. The ratio of pigment to polymer was 2:1. The dilution ...

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Abstract

A process for the preparation of colored dispersions which comprises adding colorant, a liquid vehicle, a free radical initiator, and a stable free radical agent to a microfluidizer; heating at a temperature of from about 100 to about 160 DEG C.; and thereafter, optionally cooling.

Description

REFERENCE TO COPENDING APPLICATIONS AND ISSUED PATENTSIn U.S. Pat. No. 5,322,912, there are disclosed free radical polymerization processes for the preparation of resins by heating at a temperature of, for example, from about 100.degree. C. to about 160.degree. C. a mixture comprised of a free radical initiator, a stable free radical agent, and at least one polymerizable monomer compound. U.S. Pat. No. 5,312,704, illustrates a toner composition comprised of pigment particles, and a resin comprised of a monomodal polymer resin or monomodal polymer resin blends and wherein the monomodal resin or resin blends possess a narrow polydispersity; and in U.S. Pat. No. 5,145,518, there is illustrated an ink composition comprised of an aqueous liquid vehicle and particles of an average diameter of about 100 nanometers or less, and which particles comprise micelles of block copolymers of the formula ABA, wherein A represents a hydropholic segment and B represents a hydrophobic segment, and wher...

Claims

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Application Information

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IPC IPC(8): C09D11/00
CPCC09D11/30
Inventor WONG, RAYMOND W.BRETON, MARCEL P.
Owner XEROX CORP