Systems and methods for generating synthetic attenuation correction maps (e.g., µ-maps), and for reconstructing images based on emission data and the synthetically generated attenuation correction maps, are disclosed. In some examples, a
nuclear imaging reconstruction
system receives emission data, such as
positron emission
tomography data, from an image scanning
system. The
nuclear imaging reconstruction
system applies a segmentation process to the emission data and, based on the segmentation process, generates segmentation data characterizing a plurality of segments. Further, the
nuclear imaging reconstruction system generates attenuation correction data that includes attenuation correction values for each of the plurality of segments. For example, based on the type of a particular segment (e.g.,
lung, heart, liver segments), the nuclear imaging reconstruction system assigns corresponding attenuation correction values. The nuclear imaging reconstruction system may reconstruct an
image based on the emission data and the attenuation correction data.