A suspended particle flux measurement device using synchronous polarization and fluorescence, including a light source, a polarizer, an illumination optical system, a first receiving optical system, a second receiving optical system, a polarization imaging system, a fluorescence camera, and an image processing terminal, the light source The emitted light passes through the polarizer to generate incident polarized light, which is converted into a sheet light source through the illumination optical system, and illuminates multiple suspended particles in a liquid section. The first and second receiving optical systems are set at two symmetrical scattering angles , receive the scattered light of the suspended particles and send them to the polarization imaging system and the fluorescence camera respectively, so that each suspended particle forms a polarization image point and a fluorescence image point on the polarization imaging system and the fluorescence camera respectively, realizing multiple For the measurement of the flux of suspended particulate matter, the polarization-fluorescence synchronous measurement data of each suspended particulate matter is used to determine the type information of the suspended particulate matter. The device can quickly and high-throughput identify suspended particulate matter in water.