The invention provides a tray cultivation method of cabbages. The method comprises the first step of preparation of a breeding field, wherein a ventilated and shading site is selected, a breeding shed is arranged on the site, a shed frame of the breeding shed is covered with a rain shielding membrane, a seedbed is arranged inside the breeding shed, and a plastic membrane is laid on the surface of the seedbed; the second step of preparation of base materials, wherein turfy soil, perlite, vermiculite powder, mushroom residues, straws, chicken manure, urea and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate are mixed and stirred evenly to obtain mixed soil, the mixed soil and disinfectants are stirred evenly and added with water, addition of water stops when water seeps out and no water drips in the manual holding process, and the mixed soil stands for four hours to obtain the base materials; the third step of putting the base materials in trays, wherein 54cm*32cm trays with eighty holes are selected as breeding trays, the breeding trays are orderly arranged on the seedbed, and the base materials are put into the breeding trays; the fourth step of seed processing; the fifth step of sowing seeds; the sixth step of temperature management; the seventh step of water and fertilizer management. The method can effectively prevent the cabbages against adverse effects of natural weather, reduce the breeding cost and improve the quality of the cabbages.