Sheet material double face precise forming method and apparatus based on laser blast wave effect

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of laser processing manufacture, in particular to a laser shock precision forming method and a device. The device comprises a laser, an outer light path system, a laser shock head system A, a flying optical processing system with a laser shock head system B, a test sample system, a detection feedback system, a multi-axis link machine tool and a tool fixture system, a central control processor and a control system. A laser beam emitted by the laser is split by the outer light path system and are respectively transmitted to the front and the rear surfaces of a workpiece to subject the front and the rear surfaces of the double-sided workpiece with an energy absorption layer and a confinement layer to laser-induced shock wave. According to the requirements of the shape and the formation rule of a plate material, the double-sided laser shock head can execute simultaneous and non-simultaneous shock, counter shock, staggered shock, shocks with same and different energy, etc., so that the plate material is formed by generating a certain plastic deformation and a stress field distribution and that a certain residual stress is formed on the surface of the plate material. The method can achieve accurate quantitative formation, good repeatability and high forming efficiency, and can easily achieve automatic production.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention relates to the field of mechanical manufacturing, in particular to a laser shock precision forming method and device, which is suitable for high-efficiency, complex and precise forming of large metal sheets, and is also suitable for fine structure forming of metal sheets, especially suitable for conventional methods Forming of materials that are difficult to form or cannot be formed at all, such as titanium alloys, magnesium alloys, etc. Background technique [0002] As the main method of sheet metal forming, plastic forming of sheet metal has occupied a very important position in the entire national economy and is widely used in aerospace, shipbuilding, automotive panels, electronics, instruments and other production industries. At present, there are many methods for plastic forming of metal sheets at home and abroad, including stamping, explosive forming, shot peening, laser thermal stress forming and laser impact forming. The traditio...

AI Technical Summary

Problems solved by technology

Its disadvantages are as follows: (1) During the laser shock forming process, the plastic deformation of the sheet is small each time. For high-strength alloy steel and thicker sheets, the deformation is smaller, and it is mainly suitable for the forming of thin sheets.

(2) Due to the small amount of plastic deformation of the sheet metal each time, the forming efficiency for large areas is low; in terms of forming large areas, only relying on each plastic deformation to complete the forming process will produce inhomogeneity between deformations, so the surface smoothness is affected

(3) Due to the impact forming process, the influence of factors such as fluctuations in laser energy and other parameters will inevitably occur, and problems such as excessive forming volume cannot be corrected

(4) Because of (3), it is also difficult to complete the impact forming of complex workpieces, and it is also very difficult to perform precision forming

(5) It is difficult for the device to complete the forming requirements of large and complex precision workpieces

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