Interconnected hollow nanostructures containing high capacity active materials for use in rechargeable batteries

A technology for active materials, nanostructures, applied at high surface areas. field

Active Publication Date: 2012-05-09
AMPRIUS INC
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  • Abstract
  • Description
  • Claims
  • Application Information

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Problems solved by technology

However, it is difficult to integrate multiple nanostructures into battery electrode layers with sufficient active material loading

Method used

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  • Interconnected hollow nanostructures containing high capacity active materials for use in rechargeable batteries
  • Interconnected hollow nanostructures containing high capacity active materials for use in rechargeable batteries
  • Interconnected hollow nanostructures containing high capacity active materials for use in rechargeable batteries

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[0082] The above-described process can be used to prepare electrode layers of interconnected hollow nanostructures containing high-capacity active materials. Hollow nanostructures can have the shape of hollow spheres, tubes, or other shapes (regular and irregular). The cavity of the hollow nanostructure may have a maximum internal cross-sectional dimension (e.g., the inner diameter of a circular structure) of about 1 nanometer to 1000 nanometers, or, more specifically, about 5 nanometers to 500 nanometers, or even about 10 nanometers to 100 nanometers . The cavity provides free space for the active material to expand into without causing significant disturbance (eg, jostling) to other nanostructures or pulverization of the nanostructure itself. In particular embodiments, the cross-sectional dimensions and / or dimensions of the openings of some or all of the hollow nanostructures (e.g., at least about 50% of them) in the hollow cavities are critical for electrolyte infiltration...

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Abstract

Provided are electrode layers for use in rechargeable batteries, such as lithium ion batteries, and related fabrication techniques. These electrode layers have interconnected hollow nanostructures that contain high capacity electrochemically active materials, (such as silicon, tin, and germanium). In certain embodiments, a fabrication technique involves forming a nanoscale coating around multiple template structures and at least partially removing and / or shrinking these structures to form hollow cavities. These cavities provide space for the active materials of the nanostructures to swell into during battery cycling. This design helps to reduce the risk of pulverization and to maintain electrical contacts among the nanostructures. It also provides a very high surface area available ionic communication with the electrolyte.; The nanostructures have nanoscale shells but may be substantially larger in other dimensions. Nanostructures can be interconnected during forming the nanoscale coating, when the coating formed around two nearby template structures overlap.

Description

[0001] Cross References to Related Applications [0002] This application claims the benefit of US Provisional Patent Application 61 / 181,637, filed May 27, 2009, entitled "Core-Shell HighCapacity Nanowires for Battery Electrodes," which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety for all purposes. [0003] This application also claims the benefit of US Provisional Patent Application 61 / 183,529, filed June 2, 2009, entitled "Electrospinning to Fabricate Battery Electrodes," which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety for all purposes. Background technique [0004] High capacity electrochemically active materials are desirable for battery applications. However, these materials exhibit significant volume changes during battery cycling, such as swelling during lithiation and contraction during delithiation. For example, silicon expands to its approximately 4200mAh / g during lithiation or Li 4.4 Almost 400% of the theoretical capacity of Si. Volume changes o...

Claims

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Application Information

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Patent Type & Authority Applications(China)
IPC IPC(8): H01M4/13H01M10/0525H01M4/04B82B3/00H01M4/38
CPCY02E60/12H01M4/0471H01M4/133H01M4/0492H01M4/387H01M10/0525H01M4/38H01M4/049H01M4/366B82Y40/00H01M4/134H01M4/043H01M10/0587H01M2004/027Y02E60/122H01M4/0402H01M4/386H01M4/0438H01M2004/022B82Y30/00H01M2004/021H01M4/75H01M4/04Y02E60/10B82B3/00H01M4/00H01M4/13
Inventor 崔屹韩松G·E·拉威尼斯
Owner AMPRIUS INC
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