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32results about How to "Maximize signal to noise" patented technology
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Safety shut-off device for laser surgical instruments employing blackbody emitters
InactiveUS6932809B2High detection sensitivityHigh strengthThermometer detailsPhotometry using reference valueInfraredTherapeutic radiation
Methods and systems are disclosed for detecting overheating in an optical device before harmful consequences, such as severe local heating, can result. In one embodiment of the invention, a blackbody emitter is disposed in close proximity to a therapeutic optical fiber to absorb therapeutic radiation at a fault and re-emit blackbody (infrared) radiation. The emitter can be coupled to the fiber but, during normal operation, lies outside the optical path between the output of the laser radiation and the site of treatment. Systems and catheters incorporating such emitters are also described for effective monitoring of the laser power transmitted along the optical fiber within the phototherapy device.
Owner:CARDIOFOCUS INC
Flow cytometers and detection system of lesser size
InactiveUS7105355B2Increase the number ofMaximize signal to noiseWithdrawing sample devicesAnalysis by material excitationFiberManufacturing technology
Gas focusing flow cytometers are fabricatable employing simple and inexpensive manufacturing techniques. When such cytometers or conventional cytometers are combined with fiber optical light paths and laser diode and semiconductor photodetectors, light weight and handheld, optionally disposable devices which maintain high performance are possible.
Owner:RGT UNIV OF MICHIGAN
Code division multiple access (CDMA) communication system
InactiveUS20040252668A1Easy to liftMaximize signal to noisePower managementBaseband system detailsSystem capacityCode division multiple access
A subscriber unit for use in a multiple access spread-spectrum communication system includes a spread spectrum radio interface, responsive to a rate function signal from a base station, and first and second despreaders. The base station assigns the rate function spread-spectrum message channels and the first despreader recovers and modifies an information signal one of the spread spectrum message channels. The information channel mode is then modified for processing by the second despreader, with the second despreader supporting a different information signal rate. The subscriber unit has a capability of communicating with a dynamically changing a transmission rate of an information signal which includes multiple spread spectrum message channels. The system includes a closed loop power control system for maintaining a minimum system transmit power level for a radio carrier station and the subscriber units, and system capacity management for maintaining a maximum number of active subscriber units for improved system performance.
Owner:INTERDIGITAL TECH CORP
Optical mapping apparatus with optimized OCT configuration
InactiveUS6927860B2Reduce the amount requiredReduce the amount of solutionInterferometersScattering properties measurementsFace scanningBeam splitter
OCT apparatus includes an interferometer, having an input beam splitter and a 50 / 50 output splitter. The splitting ratio of the input splitter may be optimized depending on the source power of light source and on the mismatch of the balanced receiver. The input splitter is a plate beam-splitter to minimize the stray reflected light in the interferometer and allow sequential operation of the apparatus in the OCT or in the confocal regime. The switching between the two regimes may be at will, or synchronous with the en-face scanning which results in quasi-simultaneous OCT / confocal imaging or in alternatives frames, confocal and OCT. By using polarization sensitive elements, two channels are provided in each regime, OCT and confocal. The two confocal polarization sensitive channels may allow adjustments of compensators prior to OCT measurements or OCT imaging.
Owner:OPTOS PLC
Flow cytometers and detection system of lesser size
InactiveUS20060177937A1Maximize signal to noise ratioIncrease the number ofWithdrawing sample devicesAnalysis by subjecting material to chemical reactionFiberPhotodetector
Gas focusing flow cytometers are fabricatable employing simple and inexpensive manufacturing techniques. When such cytometers or conventional cytometers are combined with fiber optical light paths and laser diode and semiconductor photodetectors, light weight and handheld, optionally disposable devices which maintain high performance are possible.
Owner:RGT UNIV OF MICHIGAN
Method and apparatus for improved noise reduction in a speech encoder
InactiveUS6925435B1Eliminate noise componentEliminate noiseSpeech analysisSignal-to-noise ratio (imaging)Speech sound
A speech encoder comprises an encoding element for encoding a noise reduced speech signal, and a noise suppression element that takes a noisy speech signal and generates the noise reduced speech signal by maximizing the signal to noise ratio (SNR) of the noisy speech signal without suppressing the voiced speech components of the noisy speech signal. The noise suppression element may use harmonic modeling techniques that maximize the SNR in each sub-band of the noisy speech signal by reconstructing the voiced speech components of the noisy voiced speech signal emphasizing harmonic frequencies within each sub-band. The SNR is further maximized by eliminating noise components between signal peaks at the harmonic frequencies, and eliminating noise at signal peaks at the harmonic frequencies by smoothing harmonic parameters generated by the reconstruction of the voiced speech components of the noisy speech signal.
Owner:WIAV SOLUTIONS LLC +1
Method and system for data rate optimization in a digital communication system
InactiveUS7187719B2Large bit rateEasy to operatePower managementTransmission control/equalisingNoise power spectrumSignal-to-quantization-noise ratio
A method and for optimizing bit rate throughput in a digital communication system is provided. The method includes establishing a relationship between signal to noise ratio and plural symbol rates for a particular constellation size. The method also includes determining noise power spectral density (N(f)), wherein N(f) is determined during a silent period of line probing; determining Xk(f), wherein Xk(f) is determined by turning on a remote station transmit signal, after N(f) has been measured and determining residual echo Ek(f), wherein Ek(f) is determined by turning on a central station echo canceller.
Owner:MACOM TECH SOLUTIONS HLDG INC
Methods and apparatus for polarized wafer inspection
ActiveUS20170276613A1Maximize signal to noiseSemiconductor/solid-state device testing/measurementPolarisation-affecting propertiesPhase differenceLight beam
Disclosed are methods and apparatus for inspecting a semiconductor sample. This system comprises an illumination optics subsystem for generating and directing an incident beam towards a defect on a surface of a wafer. The illumination optics subsystem includes a light source for generating the incident beam and one or more polarization components for adjusting a ratio and / or a phase difference for the incident beam's electric field components. The system further includes a collection optics subsystem for collecting scattered light from the defect and / or surface in response to the incident beam, and the collection optics subsystem comprises an adjustable aperture at the pupil plane, followed by a rotatable waveplate for adjusting a phase difference of electric field components of the collected scattered light, followed by a rotatable analyzer. The system also includes a controller that is configured for (i) selecting a polarization of the incident beam, (ii) obtaining a defect scattering map, (iii) obtaining a surface scattering map, and (iv) determining a configuration of the one or more polarization components, aperture mask, and rotatable ÂĽ waveplate, and analyzer based on analysis of the defect and surface scattering map so as to maximize a defect signal to noise ratio,
Owner:KLA CORP
Sample and hold apparatus
ActiveUS7113116B2Effectively signal voltageMaximize signal to noiseElectric signal transmission systemsElectric analogue storesEngineeringCapacitor
An acquisition and averaging circuit is provided in which, during a sampling phase capacitors in sample blocks 4 and 6 are sequentially connected to the input signal to sample it and are then isolated so as to hold the sample. The capacitors are then connected to a combining / averaging arrangement such that an average of the sample values is formed.
Owner:ANALOG DEVICES INC
Borehole compensation system and method for a resistivity logging tool
InactiveUS6961663B2Increase ratingsMaximize signal to noiseElectric/magnetic detection for well-loggingSeismology for water-loggingUltrasound attenuationPhase difference
System and method for borehole compensation. The method includes simultaneously transmitting at least two modulated signals from one or more transmitters; receiving the at least two modulated signals by at least one receiver; and processing the received at least two modulated signals to determine a phase difference and an amplitude attenuation of the transmitted modulated signals, the processing providing borehole compensated data.
Owner:WEATHERFORD TECH HLDG LLC
Method for detecting a functional signal in retinal images
InactiveUS7222961B2Cancel noiseUnwanted artifactDiagnostics using lightSensorsSpectral bandsPrincipal component analysis
A system and method for detecting a functional signal in retinal images. An optical imaging device comprises a stimulation light source, an interrogating light source, and a detector. The retina is stimulated by the stimulation light source. The retina is then illuminated by an interrogation light, and the reflected intensity from the retina is measured at an interrogating spectral band that indicates the state of hemoglobin saturation before and after visual stimulation. The optical changes that result from retinal neuronal activity are captured by the detector. The signal representing the state of hemoglobin saturation before and after visual stimulation is isolated. In an embodiment of the present invention, this signal is isolated using principle components analysis (PCA). In another embodiment of the present invention, blind source separation (BSS) and independent component analysis (ICA) algorithms such as extended spatial decorrelation and fast-ICA are used to isolate the functional signal from the retinal videos.
Owner:KESTREL CORP
Multimode Heterogeneous IOT Networks
InactiveUS20200145493A1Minimize network induced noiseMaximize signal to noiseKey distribution for secure communicationEncryption apparatus with shift registers/memoriesComputer networkStructure and function
Owner:INNOVATION SCI LLC
Method for analyzing image data relating to agglutination assays
InactiveUS20090324036A1Maximize signal to noiseEnhances agglutinatesMaterial analysis by observing effect on chemical indicatorCharacter and pattern recognitionPattern recognitionSignal-to-noise ratio (imaging)
A method for acquiring a digital image of an agglutination result comprising performing an agglutination assay on a reaction substrate having a set of dimensions and characteristics which permit a pattern of agglutination in a result of said assay. The image of the result is developed. The image has a colored background which maximizes a signal to noise ratio. Further, the image has been passed through a filter that complements an action of the colored background and enhances the agglutinates in the image while additionally increasing the signal to noise ratio.
Owner:LAB CELSIUS
Sample and hold apparatus
ActiveUS20060164279A1Effectively signal voltageMaximize signal to noise ratioElectric signal transmission systemsElectric analogue storesEngineeringCapacitor
An acquisition and averaging circuit is provided in which, during a sampling phase capacitors in sample blocks 4 and 6 are sequentially connected to the input signal to sample it and are then isolated so as to hold the sample. The capacitors are then connected to a combining / averaging arrangement such that an average of the sample values is formed.
Owner:ANALOG DEVICES INC
Channel estimation in a spread spectrum receiver
InactiveUS7301993B2Accurately determineMaximize signal to noiseBaseband system detailsSpread spectrumBaseband
A method and apparatus for channel estimation in a spread spectrum receiver include processing that begins by despreading a received spread spectrum complex baseband sample utilizing a pseudorandom spreading sequence to produce a despread baseband symbol. The processing continues by filtering the despread baseband symbol to attenuate adverse channel effects based on a channel response estimate to produce a filtered despread baseband symbol. The processing then continues by decoding the filtered despread baseband symbol to produce recaptured data. The processing continues by modulating the recaptured data to produce a remodulated symbol. The processing then continues by producing a reconstructed spread spectrum complex baseband sample from the remodulated symbol based on the pseudorandom spreading sequence. The processing then continues by generating the channel response estimate such that a convolution of the channel response estimate with the reconstructed spread spectrum complex baseband sample substantially emulates the received spread spectrum complex baseband sample.
Owner:AVAGO TECH WIRELESS IP SINGAPORE PTE
Borehole compensation system and method for a resistivity logging tool
InactiveUS20050046424A1Increase ratingsMaximize signal to noise ratioElectric/magnetic detection for well-loggingSeismology for water-loggingUltrasound attenuationDrill hole
System and method for borehole compensation. The method includes simultaneously transmitting at least two modulated signals from one or more transmitters; receiving the at least two modulated signals by at least one receiver; and processing the received at least two modulated signals to determine a phase difference and an amplitude attenuation of the transmitted modulated signals, the processing providing borehole compensated data.
Owner:WEATHERFORD TECH HLDG LLC
Optical mapping apparatus with optimized OCT configuration
InactiveUS20050264820A1Maximize signal to noiseReduce the required powerInterferometersScattering properties measurementsFace scanningBeam splitter
OCT apparatus includes an interferometer, having an input beam splitter and a 50 / 50 output splitter. The splitting ratio of the input splitter may be optimized depending on the source power of light source and on the mismatch of the balanced receiver. The input splitter is a plate beam-splitter to minimize the stray reflected light in the interferometer and allow sequential operation of the apparatus in the OCT or in the confocal regime. The switching between the two regimes may be at will, or synchronous with the en-face scanning which results in quasi-simultaneous OCT / confocal imaging or in alternatives frames, confocal and OCT. By using polarization sensitive elements, two channels are provided in each regime, OCT and confocal. The two confocal polarization sensitive channels may allow adjustments of compensators prior to OCT measurements or OCT imaging.
Owner:OPTOS PLC
Method for detecting a functional signal in retinal images
InactiveUS20070211211A1Maximize signal to noiseDifference in absorptionDiagnostics using lightSensorsSpectral bandsOphthalmology
Owner:KESTREL CORP
Method and apparatus for integrated channel characterization
ActiveUS7382825B1Maximizes minimum powerMaximize signal to noiseTransmission monitoringLine-transmission monitoring/testingSignal-to-noise ratio (imaging)Engineering
A periodic broadband signal can be used to determine the S21 measurement for a channel by stimulating the channel across a spectrum of interest. The channel response to such broadband signal can be measured from undersampled data captured at the receiver. The Fourier transform of the broadband signal as received, divided by the Fourier transform of broadband signal as transmitted, constitutes the S21. A physically contiguous IC can integrate both a receiver circuit, at which S21 is to be measured, along with an undersampler for sampling the received broadband signal. To maximize signal to noise, a pattern for the broadband signal can be selected to maximize the minimum power across the spectrum of interest. A pattern generator for the broadband signal can be integrated on the same physically contiguous IC with a multiplexer that can select either the pattern generator, or a typical source of data, for transmission into the channel.
Owner:SYNOPSYS INC
Combined feedforward filter for a decision feedback equalizer
ActiveUS7031414B2Reduce Intersymbol InterferenceReduce in quantityMultiple-port networksTelevision system detailsCommunications systemSignal-to-noise ratio (imaging)
A method and apparatus for mitigating for inter-symbol interference in a communication system using a multi-rate adaptive decision feedback equalizer (DFE) with a feedforward filter which is a combination of a first feedforward filter (FF1) that performs match filtering and a second feedforward filter (FF2) which runs at a lower sampling rate than first feedforward filter (FF1), thereby, reducing the total the number of computation done at the receiver, and removes ISI and white noise.The present invention also employs a method and apparatus where the initial training is done separately for the first feedforward filter (FF1) and the second feedforward filter (FF2). An approximate solution of the optimal receiver has the first feedforward filter (FF1) maximize the output signal to noise ratio (SNR) which is used to train first feedforward filter (FF1).
Owner:SYNAPTICS INC
Gesture recognition apparatus and components thereof
ActiveUS20180348877A1Improve disadvantagesMaximize signal to noiseInput/output for user-computer interactionPiezoelectric/electrostrictive microphonesHuman–computer interactionGesture recognition
A gesture recognition apparatus includes a sensor unit configured to be worn by a user on a user's body part. The sensor unit includes one or more sensors, a processor unit, the processor unit and the sensor unit are arranged in communication with each other, the processor unit receiving acoustic data from the one or more sensors, wherein the acoustic data corresponds to a gesture performed by a user, and the processor unit is configured to process the acoustic data received from the one or more sensors to determine a gesture performed by the user.
Owner:CITY UNIVERSITY OF HONG KONG
Amplified photoconductive gate
InactiveUS6936821B2Lower impedanceMinimal RC time constantSolid masersSolid-state devicesAudio power amplifierSemiconductor
The present invention includes a semiconductor epitaxial structure optimized for photoconductive free space terahertz generation and detection; and amplifier circuits for photoconductively sampled terahertz detection which may employ the optimized epitaxial structures.
Owner:LUNA INNOVATIONS
Compact Interferometer Spectrometer
ActiveUS20190178715A1Compact size and stabilityArea of detector can be bestRadiation pyrometrySpectrometry/spectrophotometry/monochromatorsLight beamOptoelectronics
A common path interferometer is disclosed. The interferometer is arranged to divide an input beam into first and second beam portions directed in opposite directions around a cyclic path to form an interference pattern at a detector. The cyclic path is defined by at least two mirror regions curved in the plane of the cyclic path, such that the interference pattern represents path difference variations between the first and second beam portions. The interferometer further includes an input optic arranged in the beam path before division of the input beam into the beam portions. The input optic is configured to provide convergence to reduce the extent transversely to the plane of the cyclic path of the interference pattern at the detector. The beam and beam portions have different convergence requirements in the plane of, and transverse to the plane of, the cyclic path, which are addressed separately by the mirror regions and the input optic.
Owner:KEIT
Method for analyzing image data relating to agglutination assays
InactiveUS8417002B2Enhances agglutinatesMaximize signal to noiseMaterial analysis by observing effect on chemical indicatorCharacter and pattern recognitionSignal-to-noise ratio (imaging)Assay
Owner:LAB CELSIUS
Hydrophone housing
ActiveUS20150085618A1High sensitivityLower requirementSubsonic/sonic/ultrasonic wave measurementSeismic signal receiversHydrophoneCoupling
The invention relates to a hydrophone housing. The housing comprises an outer casing with an exterior shape being in close contact with sediment when buried therein and having a deflectable wall part. Solid material partly fills the casing to define an outer chamber behind the deflectable wall part, a cavity shaped so that an inner chamber is defined immediately surrounding a hydrophone sensing element held therein, and a first duct for liquid flow communication between the outer chamber and the cavity or an internal volume of the hydrophone sensing element. Thereby, a hydraulic coupling is provided so that an acoustic pressure causing small radial displacements of outer surface of the housing will, via liquid in the first duct, cause large radial displacements of the hydrophone sensitive element. The area of the deflectable wall part is much larger than the area of the sensitive element so that only small displacements of the housing are required to cause large displacements at the hydrophone sensing element.
Owner:OPTOPLAN
Method and system for optical heterodyne detection of an optical signal that utilizes optical attenuation
InactiveUS6970250B1Improve signal to noiseImprove signal to noise ratioOptical measurementsUsing optical meansSignal-to-noise ratio (imaging)Physics
Monitoring an optical signal utilizing optical heterodyne detection involves attenuating an input signal before the input signal is combined with a local oscillator signal. The input signal is attenuated in order improve the signal to noise ratio of the heterodyne signal that is generated when the input signal and the local oscillator signal are combined. The signal to noise ratio of the heterodyne signal improves with attenuation of the input signal, specifically in the case where the intensity noise from the input signal is the dominant noise source, because the heterodyne signal and the intensity noise of the input signal scale differently with attenuation of the input signal.
Owner:AGILENT TECH INC
Tri-material dual-species neutron/gamma spectrometer
ActiveUS9507035B2Maximize signal to noiseMeasurement with scintillation detectorsRadiation intensity measurementParallel plateGamma ray
Owner:UNIVERSITY OF NEW HAMPSHIRE
Edge Phase Effects Removal Using Wavelet Correction and Particle Classification Using Combined Absorption and Phase Contrast
ActiveUS20220366620A1Fast volumetric classificationMaximize signal to noiseImage enhancementReconstruction from projectionImaging processingAbsorption contrast
An x-ray microscopy method that obtains a classification of different particles by distinguishing between different material phases through a combination of image processing involving morphological edge enhancement and possibly resolved absorption contrast differences between the phases along with optional wavelet filtering.
Owner:CARL ZEISS X RAY MICROSCOPY
Gesture recognition apparatus and components thereof
ActiveUS10691218B2Improve disadvantagesMaximize signal to noiseInput/output for user-computer interactionPiezoelectric/electrostrictive microphonesComputer hardwareEngineering
Owner:CITY UNIVERSITY OF HONG KONG
Hydrophone housing
ActiveUS10677945B2Stress minimizationLow loss transfer of pressure energySubsonic/sonic/ultrasonic wave measurementSeismic signal receiversHydrophoneEngineering
The invention relates to a hydrophone housing. The housing comprises an outer casing with an exterior shape being in close contact with sediment when buried therein and having a deflectable wall part. Solid material partly fills the casing to define an outer chamber behind the deflectable wall part, a cavity shaped so that an inner chamber is defined immediately surrounding a hydrophone sensing element held therein, and a first duct for liquid flow communication between the outer chamber and the cavity or an internal volume of the hydrophone sensing element. Thereby, a hydraulic coupling is provided so that an acoustic pressure causing small radial displacements of outer surface of the housing will, via liquid in the first duct, cause large radial displacements of the hydrophone sensitive element. The area of the deflectable wall part is much larger than the area of the sensitive element so that only small displacements of the housing are required to cause large displacements at the hydrophone sensing element.
Owner:OPTOPLAN
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