Water-saving fertilizer-saving control method adopting optimal rice thin planting and straw mulching

Abstract

The invention discloses a water-saving fertilizer-saving control method adopting optimal rice thin planting and straw mulching. The method includes the steps of 1, performing thin planting on rice seedlings; 2, mulching with straw in space between lines/columns of the rice seedlings; 3, performing field management on the rice seedlings. The method has the advantages that the cultivation techniques of optimal rice thin planting and straw mulching are integrated, a technical system of fast decomposition and utilization of crop straws and the high yield, high quality, cost saving and efficiency enhancement in rice production is optimized, and a supporting water-saving fertilizer-saving control scheme is designed; rice yield can be increased, cost can be saved, moisture and fertilizer can be preserved, soil structure can be improved, light transmittance and ventilation can be improved for rice groups, carbon is low, energy is saved, environment is protected, and the method is of important economic value and application prospect in the sustainable development of agriculture.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention relates to a water-saving and fertilizer-saving regulation and control method using rice to optimize sparse planting and cover straw. Background technique [0002] Crop straw is rich in a large amount of nutrients and mineral elements (the average content of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and carbon is 0.6%, 0.3%, 10.0%, and 45.0% respectively). Sustainability plays an important role. my country is the country with the largest total output of straw in the world. In 2011 alone, the total output of straw reached 863 million tons, accounting for about 30% of the world's total output. However, with the transfer of the rural labor force, in order to seize the time for farming and save manpower, the usual way of dealing with straw is to burn it privately, which not only pollutes the environment, but also leads to a waste of resources. Studies have shown that after straw incineration, the residual organic matter and nitrogen are almost zero,...

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Problems solved by technology

[0010] 1. For deep trench landfill, it is too time-consuming, labor-intensive and labor-intensive

[0011] 2. For straw incineration, it not only causes serious environmental pollution, but also causes a lot of waste of resources

[0012] 3. For the industrialized processing of straw, the raw material consumption of straw is less, and it is difficult to realize large-scale straw processing

[0013] 4. For the conventional straw returning to the field, field management is often inconvenient, it is difficult to plant rice seedlings in the early stage, and due to the decomposing straw during the rice growth period, there are frequent occurrences of diseases and insect pests, etc.

[0014] 5. In actual production, due to the large amount of straw, it is often difficult to rotate tillage. After transplanting, it drifts into piles. When managing water and topdressing, it is often due to water and fertilizer silting, resulting in uneven growth and poor uniformity in the field.

[0017] 2. The large amount of input of inorganic chemical fertilizers, especially nitrogen fertilizers in my country, has resulted in low soil fertilizer efficiency, soil acidification, and insignificant yield growth

[0019] 4. There is a gap in the supporting water and fertilizer management technology under the optimized sparse planting and straw mulching cultivation mode of rice

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