PNP BJT combined capacitor charge-discharge controller with wide operating voltage range
A technology of working voltage range and combined capacitance, applied in control/regulation systems, instruments, electrical components, etc., can solve the problems of miniaturization and high efficiency of converters, occupying space, increasing losses, etc.
Active Publication Date: 2020-01-31
浙江日风电气股份有限公司
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AI-Extracted Technical Summary
Problems solved by technology
However, both the independent auxiliary power supply and the non-independent auxiliary power supply branch need to occupy a certain space, and at the same tim...
Abstract
The invention discloses a PNP BJT combined capacitor charge-discharge type controller with wide operating voltage range. The controller comprises a port Vcc, a port Vss and a port Out and also comprises a PNP BJT tube Q1, a diode D1, a capacitor C1, a resistor R1, a resistor R2, a controlled current source and an output unit. The controlled current source can be utilized to change the charging anddischarging speed and depth of the capacitor C1 to achieve the purpose of adjusting the switching period and the duty ratio of the control signal. The controller has the advantages of simple structure, favorable integration and wide operating voltage range and can be matched with P-channel IGBT tube, P-channel MOS tube, PNP BJT tube and the like on the high-side of the converter and is especiallysuitable for application occasions with higher input voltage.
Application Domain
Dc-dc conversionElectric variable regulation
Technology Topic
PhysicsCapacitance +12
Image
Examples
- Experimental program(3)
Example Embodiment
[0043] Example 1
[0044] reference figure 1 with Figure 4 , A PNP BJT combined capacitor charge-discharge controller with wide operating voltage range, including port V cc , Port V ss And port Out, also including PNP type BJT tube Q 1 , Diode D 1 , Capacitance C 1 , Resistance R 1 , Resistance R 2 , Controlled current source and output unit, the output unit includes port a and port b, PNP type BJT tube Q 1 The emitter and the resistance R 2 One end, capacitance C 1 One end, diode D 1 Cathode and port V cc Connected, PNP type BJT tube Q 1 The base and the resistance R 2 The other end, diode D 1 The anode is connected to the first port of the controlled current source, the PNP type BJT tube Q 1 The collector of the capacitor C 1 The other end, resistance R 1 One end of the output unit is connected to the port a of the output unit, the port b of the output unit is connected to the port Out, and the resistance R 1 The other end of is connected to the second port of the controlled current source and port V ss Connected; current i flowing into the first port of the controlled current source s Influence capacitance C 1 The process of charging and discharging further affects the control signal of port a; the output unit converts the control signal of port a into the driving signal of port b, so that the controller has the ability to drive semiconductor power devices. Resistance R 2 And diode D 1 The role is to accelerate the PNP type BJT tube Q 1 The shutdown process.
[0045] The controlled current source includes a resistor R s1 , Resistance R s2 , Capacitance C s1 And NPN type BJT tube Q s1 , Also including port Control, resistance R s2 With capacitance C s1 Series connection, resistance R s2 And capacitance C s1 One end of the series branch is simultaneously connected to the first port of the controlled current source and the resistance R s1 , The resistance R s2 And capacitance C s1 The other end of the series branch is simultaneously connected to the resistance R s1 The other end and NPN type BJT tube Q s1 Connected to the collector, NPN type BJT tube Q s1 The base is connected to the port Control, NPN type BJT tube Q s1 The emitter of is connected to the second port of the controlled current source. Resistance R s2 And capacitance C s1 The role of the series branch is to accelerate the PNP type BJT tube Q 1 The opening process.
[0046] The output unit includes an NPN type BJT tube Q a1 , PNP type BJT tube Q a2 , Resistance R a1 , Capacitance C a1 , Diode D a1 And diode D a2 , NPN type BJT tube Q a1 Collector and port V cc Connected, NPN type BJT tube Q a1 The base of the output unit is at the same time with the port a of the output unit and the PNP type BJT tube Q a2 Is connected to the base, PNP type BJT tube Q a2 Collector and port V ss Connected, NPN type BJT tube Q a1 The emitter of the PNP type BJT tube Q a2 Emitter, resistance R a1 One end, capacitance C a1 And diode D a1 Connected to the anode, resistance R a1 The other end of the capacitor C a1 And diode D a2 Connect the cathode, diode D a2 The anode of the diode D a1 The cathode is connected to port b.
[0047] reference Figure 5 , The controller is applied to a step-down converter. In addition to the controller, the converter also includes a capacitor C n1 , Inductance L n1 , Diode D n1 , Diode D n2 , P-channel MOS tube M n1 , Zener Z n1 , Inductance L n2 , Capacitance C n2 And resistance R n1 , The positive terminal of the DC power supply and the capacitor C n1 One end, Zener tube Z n1 Cathode and P-channel MOS tube M n1 Is connected to the source, capacitor C n1 And the other end of the inductor L n1 And diode D n2 The anode is connected, the diode D n2 The cathode of the P-channel MOS tube M n1 Drain and inductance L n2 Connected to one end, inductance L n2 The other end of the capacitor C n2 Is connected to one end of the load, and the other end of the load is connected to the capacitor C n2 The other end and the resistance R n1 , The resistance R n1 The other end of the diode D n1 The anode and the negative terminal of the DC power supply are connected, the diode D n1 Cathode and inductance L n1 Connected to the other end of the voltage regulator tube Z n1 Anode and P-channel MOS tube M n1 The gate is connected. Among them, M n1 It is a high-side semiconductor power device.
[0048] The controller is connected to the converter, and the port V cc With P-channel MOS tube M n1 Connected to the source, port Out and P-channel MOS tube M n1 Connected to the gate, port Control and resistor R n1 Connected to one end, port V ss With resistance R n1 Connected to the other end. R n1 Used to detect incoming L n2 Current i at one end Ln2. The controller implements peak inductor current control on the converter.
[0049] Assumption V BE_Qs1 Q s1 The base-emitter conduction voltage drop of, the converter works in continuous conduction (or continuous current) mode. The steady-state working principle of Embodiment 1 is roughly as follows:
[0050] (1) When i Ln2 BE_Qs1 /R n1 时,Q s1 Cut off, the current i flowing into the controlled current source s =0, leading to Q 1 Also ends, C 1 Charging, the charging circuit is connected to port V cc , C 1 And R 1 Composition, C 1 Terminal voltage v C1 increase. Subsequently, the voltage at port a drops, D a2 On, port V cc Voltage to port Out V cc to Out rises. When voltage V cc to Out exceeds M n1 After the source-gate threshold voltage, M n1 Conduction. When the voltage at port a drops to a certain level, Z n1 Reverse guide, M n1 The source-gate voltage will be clamped. M n1 After turning on, the DC power supply, M n1 , L n2 , C n2 , Load, R n1 Form a loop; C n1 , M n1 , L n2 , C n2 , Load, R n1 , D n1 , L n1 Form another loop. At this stage, i Ln2 increase.
[0051] (2) When i Ln2 V BE_Qs1 /R n1 时,Q s1 Turn on, the current i flowing into the controlled current source s 0, leading to Q 1 Also on, C 1 Discharge, the discharge circuit is controlled by C 1 And Q 1 Composition, C 1 Terminal voltage v C1 Decrease. Subsequently, the voltage at port a rises, D a1 On, port V cc Voltage to port Out V cc to Out drops. When voltage V cc to Out is less than M n1 After the source-gate threshold voltage, M n1 Deadline. When the voltage at port a rises to a certain level, Z n1 Forward guide, M n1 The source-gate voltage will also be clamped. M n1 After cut-off, DC power supply, C n1 , D n2 , L n2 , C n2 , Load, R n1 Form a loop; D n1 , L n1 , D n2 , L n2 , C n2 , Load, R n1 Form another loop. At this stage, i Ln2 Decrease.
[0052] The above two stages appear alternately, repeating again and again.
[0053] For applications with a higher input voltage, that is, DC power supply voltage V i = 120–177V, M n1 Can adopt IRF9610, Q 1 And Q a2 Can use MPSA94, Q s1 And Q a1 MPSA44 can be used. Image 6 It is Example 1 under the highest input voltage condition (that is, V i =177V) simulation waveform. Figure 7 Is embodiment 1 under the lowest input voltage condition (that is, V i =120V) simulation waveform diagram. Compared Image 6 with Figure 7 It can be seen that in the entire converter input voltage range, Embodiment 1 can work normally. Moreover, V i The bigger the C 1 The shorter the charging time, the higher the working frequency of the converter and the smaller the duty cycle.
[0054] In the first embodiment, Mn1 can also use a P-channel IGBT tube.
Example Embodiment
[0055] Example 2
[0056] reference figure 2 with Figure 4 , A PNP BJT combined capacitor charge and discharge controller with a wide operating voltage range, and its output unit includes an NPN BJT tube Q b1 , PNP type BJT tube Q b2 , Resistance R b1 , Resistance R b2 And diode D b1 , NPN type BJT tube Q b1 Collector and port V cc Connected, NPN type BJT tube Q b1 The base of the output unit is at the same time with the port a of the output unit and the PNP type BJT tube Q b2 Is connected to the base, PNP type BJT tube Q b2 Collector and port V ss Connected, NPN type BJT tube Q b1 The emitter of the PNP type BJT tube Q b2 Emitter, resistance R b1 And resistance R b2 , The resistance R b2 The other end of the diode D b1 Connect the cathode, diode D b1 The anode of Rb1 is simultaneously connected to the other end of the resistor Rb1 and the port b.
[0057] The rest of the embodiment 2 is the same as that of the embodiment 1.
[0058] reference Figure 8 , The controller is applied to a step-down converter. In addition to the controller, the converter also includes an inductor L m1 , Diode D m4 , Capacitance C m1 , Diode D m1 , Diode D m2 , PNP type BJT tube Q m1 , Resistance R m1 , Diode D m3 , Inductance L m2 , Resistance R m2 , Resistance R m3 And capacitance C m2 , The positive terminal of the DC power supply and the inductor L m1 And diode D m4 Is connected to the cathode, inductance L m1 The other end of the capacitor C m1 One end, diode D m4 The anode, PNP type BJT tube Q m1 Emitter, resistance R m1 And diode D m3 The cathode is connected, the capacitor C m1 The other end of the diode D m1 Cathode and diode D m2 The anode is connected, the diode D m2 The cathode of the PNP type BJT tube Q m1 Collector and inductance L m2 Connected to one end, inductance L m2 The other end of the resistor R m2 , The resistance R m2 The other end of the capacitor C m2 And resistance R m3 , The resistance R m3 The other end of the load is connected to one end of the load, and the other end of the load is also connected to the capacitor C m2 The other end, diode D m1 The anode of the DC power supply is connected to the negative terminal, the resistance R m1 The other end of the diode D m3 The anode and PNP type BJT tube Q m1 The base is connected. D m4 The role is to prevent C m1 The terminal voltage has overshoot. R m1 And D m3 The role is to accelerate Q m1 The shutdown process. Among them, Q m1 It is a high-side semiconductor power device.
[0059] The controller is connected to the converter, and the port V cc With PNP type BJT tube Q m1 The emitter is connected, the port Out is connected to the PNP type BJT tube Q m1 Is connected to the base, and the port Control is connected to the resistance R m2 Connected to one end, port V ss With resistance R m3 Connected to the other end. R m2 Used to detect incoming L m2 Current i at one end Lm2. R m3 Used to detect load current. The controller implements mixed current peak control on the converter.
[0060] Assumption V BE_Qs1 Q s1 The base-emitter conduction voltage drop of, the converter works in continuous conduction (or current continuous) mode, and the steady-state working principle of Embodiment 2 is roughly as follows:
[0061] (1) When i Lm2 ×R m2 +Load current×R m3 BE_Qs1 时,Q s1 Cut off, the current i flowing into the controlled current source s =0, leading to Q 1 Also ends, C 1 Charging, the charging circuit is connected to port V cc , C 1 And R 1 Composition, C 1 Terminal voltage v C1 increase. Subsequently, the voltage at port a drops, D b1 On, port V cc Voltage to port Out V cc to Out rises. When voltage V cc to Out to Q m1 After the emitter-base turn-on voltage, Q m1 Conduction. Q m1 After turning on, the DC power supply, L m1 , Q m1 , L m2 , R m2 , C m2 , R m3 , The load forms a loop; C m1 , Q m1 , L m2 , R m2 , C m2 , R m3 , Load, D m1 Form another loop. At this stage, i Lm2 increase.
[0062] (2) When i Lm2 ×R m2 +Load current×R m3 V BE_Qs1 时,Q s1 Turn on, the current i flowing into the controlled current source s 0, leading to Q 1 Also on, C 1 Discharge, the discharge circuit is controlled by C 1 And Q 1 Composition, C 1 Terminal voltage v C1 Decrease. Subsequently, the voltage at port a rises, D b1 Cut off, port V cc Voltage to port Out V cc to Out drops. When voltage V cc to Out is less than Q m1 After the emitter-base turn-on voltage, Q m1 Deadline. Q m1 After cut-off, DC power supply, L m1 , C m1 , D m2 , L m2 , R m2 , C m2 , R m3 , The load forms a loop; D m1 , D m2 , L m2 , R m2 , C m2 , R m3 , The load forms another loop. At this stage, i Lm2 Decrease.
[0063] The above two stages appear alternately, repeating again and again.
[0064] For applications with a higher input voltage, that is, DC power supply voltage V i = 120-177V, Q m1 , Q 1 And Q b2 Can use MPSA94, Q s1 And Q b1 MPSA44 can be used. Picture 9 Is embodiment 2 under the highest input voltage condition (i.e. V i =177V) simulation waveform. Picture 10 It is Example 2 under the lowest input voltage condition (ie V i =120V) simulation waveform diagram. Compared Picture 9 with Picture 10 It can be seen that in the entire converter input voltage range, Embodiment 2 can work normally. Moreover, V i The bigger the C 1 The shorter the charging time, the higher the working frequency of the converter and the smaller the duty cycle.
Example Embodiment
[0065] Example 3
[0066] reference image 3 with Figure 4 , A PNP BJT combined capacitor charge and discharge controller with a wide operating voltage range, the output unit of which includes a resistor R c1 And diode D c1 , Resistance R c1 At the same time with diode D c1 The cathode is connected to port a, the resistance R c1 The other end of the diode D c1 The anode and port b are connected.
[0067] The rest of Embodiment 3 is the same as Embodiment 2, but the driving ability is weaker than Embodiment 2.
[0068] reference Picture 11 , The controller is applied to a step-down converter. In addition to the controller, the converter also includes an inductor L k1 , Diode D k5 , Capacitance C k1 , Diode D k1 , Diode D k2 , PNP type BJT tube Q k1 , Resistance R k1 , Diode D k3 , PNP type BJT tube Q k2 , Resistance R k2 , Diode D k4 , Inductance L k2 , Capacitance C k2 , Resistance R k3 , Resistance R k4 And capacitance C k3 , The positive terminal of the DC power supply and the inductor L k1 And diode D k5 Is connected to the cathode, inductance L k1 The other end of the capacitor C k1 One end, diode D k5 The anode, PNP type BJT tube Q k1 Emitter, resistance R k1 One end, diode D k3 The cathode, resistance R k2 And diode D k4 The cathode is connected, the capacitor C k1 The other end of the diode D k1 Cathode and diode D k2 The anode is connected, the diode D k2 The cathode of the PNP type BJT tube Q k1 The collector, PNP type BJT tube Q k2 Collector and inductance L k2 Connected to one end, inductance L k2 The other end of the capacitor C k2 One end, one end of the load, resistance R k3 And capacitor C k3 Is connected to one end, resistance R k3 The other end of the capacitor C k3 The other end and the resistance R k4 Is connected to one end, resistance R k4 The other end of the load and the other end of the load, the capacitor C k2 The other end, diode D k1 The anode of the DC power supply is connected to the negative terminal, the resistance R k1 The other end of the diode D k3 The anode, PNP type BJT tube Q k1 Base and PNP type BJT tube Q k2 Connected to the emitter, PNP type BJT tube Q k2 The base is at the same time with the resistance R k2 And diode D k4 The anode is connected. D k5 The role is to prevent C k1 The terminal voltage has overshoot. R k1 , D k3 , R k2 And D k4 The role is to accelerate Q k1 And Q k2 The shutdown process. Among them, Q k1 And Q k2 It is a high-side semiconductor power device.
[0069] The controller is connected to the converter, and the port V cc With PNP type BJT tube Q k1 The emitter is connected, the port Out is connected to the PNP type BJT tube Q k2 Is connected to the base, and the port Control is connected to the resistance R k4 Connected to one end, port V ss With resistance R k4 Connected to the other end. R k3 , C k3 And R k4 Used to detect load voltage. The controller implements load voltage control on the converter.
[0070] Assumption V BE_Qs1 Q s1 The base-emitter conduction voltage drop of, the converter works in continuous conduction (or continuous current) mode. The steady-state working principle of the third embodiment is roughly as follows:
[0071] (1) When R k4 Terminal voltage BE_Qs1 时,Q s1 Cut off, the current i flowing into the controlled current source s =0, leading to Q 1 Also ends, C 1 Charging, the charging circuit is connected to port V cc , C 1 And R 1 Composition, C 1 Terminal voltage v C1 increase. Subsequently, the voltage at port a drops, D c1 On, port V cc Voltage to port Out V cc to Out rises. When voltage V cc to Out to Q k1 And Q k2 After the emitter-base turn-on voltage, Q k1 And Q k2 Conduction. Q k1 And Q k2 After turning on, the DC power supply, L k1 , Q k1 , Q k2 , L k2 , C k2 , The load forms a loop; C k1 , Q k1 , Q k2 , L k2 , C k2 , Load, D k1 Form another loop. At this stage, i Lk2 increase.
[0072] (2) When R k4 Terminal voltage> V BE_Qs1 时,Q s1 Turn on, the current i flowing into the controlled current source s 0, leading to Q 1 Also on, C 1 Discharge, the discharge circuit is controlled by C 1 And Q 1 Composition, C 1 Terminal voltage v C1 Decrease. Subsequently, the voltage at port a rises, D c1 Cut off, port V cc Voltage to port Out V cc to Out drops. When voltage V cc to Out is less than Q k1 And Q k2 After the emitter-base turn-on voltage, Q k1 And Q k2 Deadline. Q k1 And Q k2 After cut-off, DC power supply, L k1 , C k1 , D k2 , L k2 , C k2 , The load forms a loop; D k1 , D k2 , L k2 , C k2 , The load forms another loop. At this stage, i Lk2 Decrease.
[0073] The above two stages alternately appear, repeating itself again and again.
[0074] For applications with a higher input voltage, that is, DC power supply voltage V i = 120-177V, Q k1 , Q k2 And Q 1 Can adopt MPSA94, Q s1 MPSA44 can be used. Picture 12 Is embodiment 3 under the highest input voltage condition (that is, V i =177V) simulation waveform diagram. Figure 13 It is Example 3 under the lowest input voltage condition (that is, V i =120V) simulation waveform diagram. Compared Picture 12 with Figure 13 It can be seen that in the entire converter input voltage range, Embodiment 3 can work normally. Moreover, V i The bigger the C 1 The shorter the charging time, the higher the working frequency of the converter and the smaller the duty cycle.
PUM


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