PNP BJT combined capacitor charge-discharge controller with wide operating voltage range

[0043] Example 1

[0044] reference figure 1 with Figure 4 , A PNP BJT combined capacitor charge-discharge controller with wide operating voltage range, including port V cc , Port V ss And port Out, also including PNP type BJT tube Q 1 , Diode D 1 , Capacitance C 1 , Resistance R 1 , Resistance R 2 , Controlled current source and output unit, the output unit includes port a and port b, PNP type BJT tube Q 1 The emitter and the resistance R 2 One end, capacitance C 1 One end, diode D 1 Cathode and port V cc Connected, PNP type BJT tube Q 1 The base and the resistance R 2 The other end, diode D 1 The anode is connected to the first port of the controlled current source, the PNP type BJT tube Q 1 The collector of the capacitor C 1 The other end, resistance R 1 One end of the output unit is connected to the port a of the output unit, the port b of the output unit is connected to the port Out, and the resistance R 1 The other end of is connected to the second port of the controlled current source and port V ss Connected; current i flowing into the first port of the controlled current source s Influence capacitance C 1 The process of charging and discharging further affects the control signal of port a; the output unit converts the control signal of port a into the driving signal of port b, so that the controller has the ability to drive semiconductor power devices. Resistance R 2 And diode D 1 The role is to accelerate the PNP type BJT tube Q 1 The shutdown process.

[0045] The controlled current source includes a resistor R s1 , Resistance R s2 , Capacitance C s1 And NPN type BJT tube Q s1 , Also including port Control, resistance R s2 With capacitance C s1 Series connection, resistance R s2 And capacitance C s1 One end of the series branch is simultaneously connected to the first port of the controlled current source and the resistance R s1 , The resistance R s2 And capacitance C s1 The other end of the series branch is simultaneously connected to the resistance R s1 The other end and NPN type BJT tube Q s1 Connected to the collector, NPN type BJT tube Q s1 The base is connected to the port Control, NPN type BJT tube Q s1 The emitter of is connected to the second port of the controlled current source. Resistance R s2 And capacitance C s1 The role of the series branch is to accelerate the PNP type BJT tube Q 1 The opening process.

[0046] The output unit includes an NPN type BJT tube Q a1 , PNP type BJT tube Q a2 , Resistance R a1 , Capacitance C a1 , Diode D a1 And diode D a2 , NPN type BJT tube Q a1 Collector and port V cc Connected, NPN type BJT tube Q a1 The base of the output unit is at the same time with the port a of the output unit and the PNP type BJT tube Q a2 Is connected to the base, PNP type BJT tube Q a2 Collector and port V ss Connected, NPN type BJT tube Q a1 The emitter of the PNP type BJT tube Q a2 Emitter, resistance R a1 One end, capacitance C a1 And diode D a1 Connected to the anode, resistance R a1 The other end of the capacitor C a1 And diode D a2 Connect the cathode, diode D a2 The anode of the diode D a1 The cathode is connected to port b.

[0047] reference Figure 5 , The controller is applied to a step-down converter. In addition to the controller, the converter also includes a capacitor C n1 , Inductance L n1 , Diode D n1 , Diode D n2 , P-channel MOS tube M n1 , Zener Z n1 , Inductance L n2 , Capacitance C n2 And resistance R n1 , The positive terminal of the DC power supply and the capacitor C n1 One end, Zener tube Z n1 Cathode and P-channel MOS tube M n1 Is connected to the source, capacitor C n1 And the other end of the inductor L n1 And diode D n2 The anode is connected, the diode D n2 The cathode of the P-channel MOS tube M n1 Drain and inductance L n2 Connected to one end, inductance L n2 The other end of the capacitor C n2 Is connected to one end of the load, and the other end of the load is connected to the capacitor C n2 The other end and the resistance R n1 , The resistance R n1 The other end of the diode D n1 The anode and the negative terminal of the DC power supply are connected, the diode D n1 Cathode and inductance L n1 Connected to the other end of the voltage regulator tube Z n1 Anode and P-channel MOS tube M n1 The gate is connected. Among them, M n1 It is a high-side semiconductor power device.

[0048] The controller is connected to the converter, and the port V cc With P-channel MOS tube M n1 Connected to the source, port Out and P-channel MOS tube M n1 Connected to the gate, port Control and resistor R n1 Connected to one end, port V ss With resistance R n1 Connected to the other end. R n1 Used to detect incoming L n2 Current i at one end Ln2. The controller implements peak inductor current control on the converter.

[0049] Assumption V BE_Qs1 Q s1 The base-emitter conduction voltage drop of, the converter works in continuous conduction (or continuous current) mode. The steady-state working principle of Embodiment 1 is roughly as follows:

[0050] (1) When i Ln2 BE_Qs1 /R n1 时,Q s1 Cut off, the current i flowing into the controlled current source s =0, leading to Q 1 Also ends, C 1 Charging, the charging circuit is connected to port V cc , C 1 And R 1 Composition, C 1 Terminal voltage v C1 increase. Subsequently, the voltage at port a drops, D a2 On, port V cc Voltage to port Out V cc to Out rises. When voltage V cc to Out exceeds M n1 After the source-gate threshold voltage, M n1 Conduction. When the voltage at port a drops to a certain level, Z n1 Reverse guide, M n1 The source-gate voltage will be clamped. M n1 After turning on, the DC power supply, M n1 , L n2 , C n2 , Load, R n1 Form a loop; C n1 , M n1 , L n2 , C n2 , Load, R n1 , D n1 , L n1 Form another loop. At this stage, i Ln2 increase.

[0051] (2) When i Ln2 V BE_Qs1 /R n1 时,Q s1 Turn on, the current i flowing into the controlled current source s 0, leading to Q 1 Also on, C 1 Discharge, the discharge circuit is controlled by C 1 And Q 1 Composition, C 1 Terminal voltage v C1 Decrease. Subsequently, the voltage at port a rises, D a1 On, port V cc Voltage to port Out V cc to Out drops. When voltage V cc to Out is less than M n1 After the source-gate threshold voltage, M n1 Deadline. When the voltage at port a rises to a certain level, Z n1 Forward guide, M n1 The source-gate voltage will also be clamped. M n1 After cut-off, DC power supply, C n1 , D n2 , L n2 , C n2 , Load, R n1 Form a loop; D n1 , L n1 , D n2 , L n2 , C n2 , Load, R n1 Form another loop. At this stage, i Ln2 Decrease.

[0052] The above two stages appear alternately, repeating again and again.

[0053] For applications with a higher input voltage, that is, DC power supply voltage V i = 120–177V, M n1 Can adopt IRF9610, Q 1 And Q a2 Can use MPSA94, Q s1 And Q a1 MPSA44 can be used. Image 6 It is Example 1 under the highest input voltage condition (that is, V i =177V) simulation waveform. Figure 7 Is embodiment 1 under the lowest input voltage condition (that is, V i =120V) simulation waveform diagram. Compared Image 6 with Figure 7 It can be seen that in the entire converter input voltage range, Embodiment 1 can work normally. Moreover, V i The bigger the C 1 The shorter the charging time, the higher the working frequency of the converter and the smaller the duty cycle.

[0054] In the first embodiment, Mn1 can also use a P-channel IGBT tube.

[0055] Example 2

[0056] reference figure 2 with Figure 4 , A PNP BJT combined capacitor charge and discharge controller with a wide operating voltage range, and its output unit includes an NPN BJT tube Q b1 , PNP type BJT tube Q b2 , Resistance R b1 , Resistance R b2 And diode D b1 , NPN type BJT tube Q b1 Collector and port V cc Connected, NPN type BJT tube Q b1 The base of the output unit is at the same time with the port a of the output unit and the PNP type BJT tube Q b2 Is connected to the base, PNP type BJT tube Q b2 Collector and port V ss Connected, NPN type BJT tube Q b1 The emitter of the PNP type BJT tube Q b2 Emitter, resistance R b1 And resistance R b2 , The resistance R b2 The other end of the diode D b1 Connect the cathode, diode D b1 The anode of Rb1 is simultaneously connected to the other end of the resistor Rb1 and the port b.

[0057] The rest of the embodiment 2 is the same as that of the embodiment 1.

[0058] reference Figure 8 , The controller is applied to a step-down converter. In addition to the controller, the converter also includes an inductor L m1 , Diode D m4 , Capacitance C m1 , Diode D m1 , Diode D m2 , PNP type BJT tube Q m1 , Resistance R m1 , Diode D m3 , Inductance L m2 , Resistance R m2 , Resistance R m3 And capacitance C m2 , The positive terminal of the DC power supply and the inductor L m1 And diode D m4 Is connected to the cathode, inductance L m1 The other end of the capacitor C m1 One end, diode D m4 The anode, PNP type BJT tube Q m1 Emitter, resistance R m1 And diode D m3 The cathode is connected, the capacitor C m1 The other end of the diode D m1 Cathode and diode D m2 The anode is connected, the diode D m2 The cathode of the PNP type BJT tube Q m1 Collector and inductance L m2 Connected to one end, inductance L m2 The other end of the resistor R m2 , The resistance R m2 The other end of the capacitor C m2 And resistance R m3 , The resistance R m3 The other end of the load is connected to one end of the load, and the other end of the load is also connected to the capacitor C m2 The other end, diode D m1 The anode of the DC power supply is connected to the negative terminal, the resistance R m1 The other end of the diode D m3 The anode and PNP type BJT tube Q m1 The base is connected. D m4 The role is to prevent C m1 The terminal voltage has overshoot. R m1 And D m3 The role is to accelerate Q m1 The shutdown process. Among them, Q m1 It is a high-side semiconductor power device.

[0059] The controller is connected to the converter, and the port V cc With PNP type BJT tube Q m1 The emitter is connected, the port Out is connected to the PNP type BJT tube Q m1 Is connected to the base, and the port Control is connected to the resistance R m2 Connected to one end, port V ss With resistance R m3 Connected to the other end. R m2 Used to detect incoming L m2 Current i at one end Lm2. R m3 Used to detect load current. The controller implements mixed current peak control on the converter.

[0060] Assumption V BE_Qs1 Q s1 The base-emitter conduction voltage drop of, the converter works in continuous conduction (or current continuous) mode, and the steady-state working principle of Embodiment 2 is roughly as follows:

[0061] (1) When i Lm2 ×R m2 +Load current×R m3 BE_Qs1 时,Q s1 Cut off, the current i flowing into the controlled current source s =0, leading to Q 1 Also ends, C 1 Charging, the charging circuit is connected to port V cc , C 1 And R 1 Composition, C 1 Terminal voltage v C1 increase. Subsequently, the voltage at port a drops, D b1 On, port V cc Voltage to port Out V cc to Out rises. When voltage V cc to Out to Q m1 After the emitter-base turn-on voltage, Q m1 Conduction. Q m1 After turning on, the DC power supply, L m1 , Q m1 , L m2 , R m2 , C m2 , R m3 , The load forms a loop; C m1 , Q m1 , L m2 , R m2 , C m2 , R m3 , Load, D m1 Form another loop. At this stage, i Lm2 increase.

[0062] (2) When i Lm2 ×R m2 +Load current×R m3 V BE_Qs1 时,Q s1 Turn on, the current i flowing into the controlled current source s 0, leading to Q 1 Also on, C 1 Discharge, the discharge circuit is controlled by C 1 And Q 1 Composition, C 1 Terminal voltage v C1 Decrease. Subsequently, the voltage at port a rises, D b1 Cut off, port V cc Voltage to port Out V cc to Out drops. When voltage V cc to Out is less than Q m1 After the emitter-base turn-on voltage, Q m1 Deadline. Q m1 After cut-off, DC power supply, L m1 , C m1 , D m2 , L m2 , R m2 , C m2 , R m3 , The load forms a loop; D m1 , D m2 , L m2 , R m2 , C m2 , R m3 , The load forms another loop. At this stage, i Lm2 Decrease.

[0063] The above two stages appear alternately, repeating again and again.

[0064] For applications with a higher input voltage, that is, DC power supply voltage V i = 120-177V, Q m1 , Q 1 And Q b2 Can use MPSA94, Q s1 And Q b1 MPSA44 can be used. Picture 9 Is embodiment 2 under the highest input voltage condition (i.e. V i =177V) simulation waveform. Picture 10 It is Example 2 under the lowest input voltage condition (ie V i =120V) simulation waveform diagram. Compared Picture 9 with Picture 10 It can be seen that in the entire converter input voltage range, Embodiment 2 can work normally. Moreover, V i The bigger the C 1 The shorter the charging time, the higher the working frequency of the converter and the smaller the duty cycle.

[0065] Example 3

[0066] reference image 3 with Figure 4 , A PNP BJT combined capacitor charge and discharge controller with a wide operating voltage range, the output unit of which includes a resistor R c1 And diode D c1 , Resistance R c1 At the same time with diode D c1 The cathode is connected to port a, the resistance R c1 The other end of the diode D c1 The anode and port b are connected.

[0067] The rest of Embodiment 3 is the same as Embodiment 2, but the driving ability is weaker than Embodiment 2.

[0068] reference Picture 11 , The controller is applied to a step-down converter. In addition to the controller, the converter also includes an inductor L k1 , Diode D k5 , Capacitance C k1 , Diode D k1 , Diode D k2 , PNP type BJT tube Q k1 , Resistance R k1 , Diode D k3 , PNP type BJT tube Q k2 , Resistance R k2 , Diode D k4 , Inductance L k2 , Capacitance C k2 , Resistance R k3 , Resistance R k4 And capacitance C k3 , The positive terminal of the DC power supply and the inductor L k1 And diode D k5 Is connected to the cathode, inductance L k1 The other end of the capacitor C k1 One end, diode D k5 The anode, PNP type BJT tube Q k1 Emitter, resistance R k1 One end, diode D k3 The cathode, resistance R k2 And diode D k4 The cathode is connected, the capacitor C k1 The other end of the diode D k1 Cathode and diode D k2 The anode is connected, the diode D k2 The cathode of the PNP type BJT tube Q k1 The collector, PNP type BJT tube Q k2 Collector and inductance L k2 Connected to one end, inductance L k2 The other end of the capacitor C k2 One end, one end of the load, resistance R k3 And capacitor C k3 Is connected to one end, resistance R k3 The other end of the capacitor C k3 The other end and the resistance R k4 Is connected to one end, resistance R k4 The other end of the load and the other end of the load, the capacitor C k2 The other end, diode D k1 The anode of the DC power supply is connected to the negative terminal, the resistance R k1 The other end of the diode D k3 The anode, PNP type BJT tube Q k1 Base and PNP type BJT tube Q k2 Connected to the emitter, PNP type BJT tube Q k2 The base is at the same time with the resistance R k2 And diode D k4 The anode is connected. D k5 The role is to prevent C k1 The terminal voltage has overshoot. R k1 , D k3 , R k2 And D k4 The role is to accelerate Q k1 And Q k2 The shutdown process. Among them, Q k1 And Q k2 It is a high-side semiconductor power device.

[0069] The controller is connected to the converter, and the port V cc With PNP type BJT tube Q k1 The emitter is connected, the port Out is connected to the PNP type BJT tube Q k2 Is connected to the base, and the port Control is connected to the resistance R k4 Connected to one end, port V ss With resistance R k4 Connected to the other end. R k3 , C k3 And R k4 Used to detect load voltage. The controller implements load voltage control on the converter.

[0070] Assumption V BE_Qs1 Q s1 The base-emitter conduction voltage drop of, the converter works in continuous conduction (or continuous current) mode. The steady-state working principle of the third embodiment is roughly as follows:

[0071] (1) When R k4 Terminal voltage BE_Qs1 时,Q s1 Cut off, the current i flowing into the controlled current source s =0, leading to Q 1 Also ends, C 1 Charging, the charging circuit is connected to port V cc , C 1 And R 1 Composition, C 1 Terminal voltage v C1 increase. Subsequently, the voltage at port a drops, D c1 On, port V cc Voltage to port Out V cc to Out rises. When voltage V cc to Out to Q k1 And Q k2 After the emitter-base turn-on voltage, Q k1 And Q k2 Conduction. Q k1 And Q k2 After turning on, the DC power supply, L k1 , Q k1 , Q k2 , L k2 , C k2 , The load forms a loop; C k1 , Q k1 , Q k2 , L k2 , C k2 , Load, D k1 Form another loop. At this stage, i Lk2 increase.

[0072] (2) When R k4 Terminal voltage> V BE_Qs1 时,Q s1 Turn on, the current i flowing into the controlled current source s 0, leading to Q 1 Also on, C 1 Discharge, the discharge circuit is controlled by C 1 And Q 1 Composition, C 1 Terminal voltage v C1 Decrease. Subsequently, the voltage at port a rises, D c1 Cut off, port V cc Voltage to port Out V cc to Out drops. When voltage V cc to Out is less than Q k1 And Q k2 After the emitter-base turn-on voltage, Q k1 And Q k2 Deadline. Q k1 And Q k2 After cut-off, DC power supply, L k1 , C k1 , D k2 , L k2 , C k2 , The load forms a loop; D k1 , D k2 , L k2 , C k2 , The load forms another loop. At this stage, i Lk2 Decrease.

[0073] The above two stages alternately appear, repeating itself again and again.

[0074] For applications with a higher input voltage, that is, DC power supply voltage V i = 120-177V, Q k1 , Q k2 And Q 1 Can adopt MPSA94, Q s1 MPSA44 can be used. Picture 12 Is embodiment 3 under the highest input voltage condition (that is, V i =177V) simulation waveform diagram. Figure 13 It is Example 3 under the lowest input voltage condition (that is, V i =120V) simulation waveform diagram. Compared Picture 12 with Figure 13 It can be seen that in the entire converter input voltage range, Embodiment 3 can work normally. Moreover, V i The bigger the C 1 The shorter the charging time, the higher the working frequency of the converter and the smaller the duty cycle.