Columnar shaping method for pear tree

[0028] A kind of pear tree columnar shaping method that the present embodiment provides comprises the following steps:

[0029] (1) Whole ridge

[0030] First spread the decomposed organic fertilizer evenly on the ground, use agricultural machinery to plow 0.6-0.8m deep, and arrange the ridges with mature soil after deep plowing. The direction of the ridges is preferably north-south. The width of each ridge is 2-3m, 0.3-0.5m, the distance between the ridges is 3.5-4.0m, the length of the ridges is combined with the length of the shaped field;

[0031] (2) planting seedlings

[0032] Select strong, upright and strong pear seedlings with a seedling height greater than or equal to 1m. When planting, the distance between the pear seedlings is 0.8-1.2m;

[0033] (3) fixed dry

[0034] When setting drying, choose healthy buds with full bud mouth, no disease, and no insects to set drying. Shorten the buds at the m strong buds; leave the top buds after drying, and erase 2 to 3 buds below the top buds; erase all buds below 0.5m from the main trunk of the seedlings;

[0035] (4) carved buds

[0036] Carry out bud carving to promote branching within one week before the germination of pear trees, and bud openings above 0.5m from the base of the seedlings to below 0.3m on the top are all treated with bud carving; , 5, 12, 17, and 23 buds are engraved in a spiral manner, and the bud engraving techniques are heavy, deep, and wide; the branchlets should be cultivated from the 3rd, 7th, 14th, 19th, and 25th buds at the fixed stem. Buds are engraved in the same way, and the buds are engraved lightly, shallowly, and narrowly to cultivate large, medium, and small main branches, and the other buds that are not engraved are used for future shaping;

[0037] (5) support branch

[0038] After the buds are carved, support the branches when the new shoots grow to 0.1-0.2m. The way of supporting the branches is toothpick-style support. The angle can be controlled from 60 to 70°, and the angle of the short main branch can be controlled from 75 to 85°; after determining the position, insert one end of the toothpick into the main branch and the other end into the trunk. When supporting the branch, the toothpick must be inserted into the bark;

[0039] (6) pull branch

[0040] After using toothpicks to support the branches, when the branches grow to more than 0.6m, a rope or a special branch puller should be used in time to pull the opening angle of the branches, and the angle should reach 70-80°; the angle of the short main branches should be greater than or equal to 90°; The main branch pulling angle of the main branch should be controlled at 70-85°;

[0041] (7) pruning

[0042] Pruning of saplings, the central trunk height of pear columnar cultivation saplings is 2-2.5m; when the main branches grow to 0.3m, 0.6m, 0.9m, they should be topped in time to induce more fruiting branches and vegetative branches; When the main branches between trees cross and overlap, they should be cut short and the length should be controlled at 0.3-0.5m; the length of the main branches between rows should be 1.0-1.2m; if the main branches When the thickness is greater than or equal to 1/3 of the central trunk, the main branch should be cut short from the 3rd to 4th buds from the base; when the main branch angle is less than 50 degrees, the branch should be pulled in time;

[0043] Adult tree pruning, the central trunk of pear columnar cultivation is 2.0-2.5m, and the head should be dropped in time when it exceeds the height; the number of main branches with a length of more than 1m should be controlled at 10-15; summer pruning is mainly to remove dense redundant branches and horizontal branches , Back branches, when the vegetative branches grow to 0.3m, 0.6m, pick the heart in time, cultivate more fruiting branch groups, after fruit picking, remove the auxiliary shoots of the fruit moss in time; pruning in winter to remove cross branches, overlapping branches, excessive branches, etc. Dense branches, thin and weak branches, diseased and insect branches and dead branches are the main ones. The main branches that have been fruiting for 2 to 4 years should be retracted due to the situation, rejuvenated in time, and new fruiting branch groups should be cultivated. To control the tree with fruit, restrain the branch with fruit, promote the branch with thinning, and cultivate the branch with picking, so as to ensure the ventilation and light transmission of the crown of the tree, and a high yield every year.

[0044] The pear trees cultivated by the above method only leave one central trunk, and the main branches and side branches that grow on the central trunk are the main fruit. Efficient, easy to manage and so on.

[0045]Columnar cultivation and shaping: the central trunk is upright and strong, the first main branch grows at the height of 0.5-0.7m, and a main branch grows every 0.15-0.2m, the single axis extends around, and the main branch grows in a spiral shape; The number of distribution is 10-15; the opening angle of main branches is 60-85 degrees; the length of main branches between trees at the base of the crown is controlled at 0.3-0.5m, and the length of main branches between rows is controlled at 1.0-1.0m; The length of the main branch between the trees in the middle is controlled at 0.3-0.5m, and the length of the main branch between the rows is controlled at 0.8-1.0m; the length of the main branch between the trees at the top of the crown is controlled at 0.3-0.5m. The length of main branches is controlled at 0.6-0.8m; each main branch bears fruiting branches of small and medium-sized uniaxially extended side branches and a certain number of vegetative branches within 0.3m of the main branch. The ratio is about 1:3, and the length of the vegetative branch is controlled at 0.3-0.5m; the main branch and the side branch fruiting branch group are rotated every 1-3 years, in order to control the master-slave relationship and strengthen the fruit. Column-shaped shaping has the advantages of small crown, no large backbone main branches, many fruiting branch groups, high space utilization rate, good ventilation and light transmission, fast forming, light pruning, simple pruning techniques, slow growth, easy early fruit and high yield, high fruit quality , Easy to mechanized operation and so on.

[0046] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any transformation and replacement based on the technical solutions and inventive concepts provided by the present invention should be covered by the scope of protection of the present invention Inside.