Method for extracting nicotine by microwave-assisted three-stage extraction technology

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of extraction and purification of plant components, and particularly relates to a method for extracting nicotine from tobacco. According to the method, activated water treated by a molecular resonance effect technology is used as an extracting agent, a nicotine-containing extracting solution is obtained from tobacco raw materials through a microwave-assisted three-stage extraction technology, the extracting solution is concentrated through a vacuum low-temperature technology, the concentrated solution is purified through a sulfuric acid back extraction method, and a nicotine product with the purity larger than 95% is obtained. According to the method, no chemical reagent is used in the extraction process, the method is green, environment-friendly and low in cost, the extraction rate of similar extraction technologies is achieved through a physical dissolution promoting technology under the condition that no chemical additive is used in the nicotine extraction process with less water consumption and energy consumption, residues obtained after extraction are free of harmful manually-added components, environment friendliness is achieved, and secondary development and utilization can be directly carried out. According to the method, the nicotine extraction rate is high, residues can be reutilized, the requirement for comprehensive utilization of tobacco waste is met, and the method has great application advantages in the fields of pharmacy and novel tobaccos.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of extracting and purifying plant components, and in particular relates to a method for extracting nicotine by microwave-assisted three-stage extraction technology. Background technique [0002] Nicotine, also known as nicotine, is an alkaloid present in Solanaceae plants, accounting for more than 95% of all tobacco alkaloids, and exists in various derivative forms in tobacco. It is widely used in pharmaceutical manufacturing, natural pesticides and tobacco additives. Nicotine is an important additive in new tobacco products. Recently, with the development of heat-not-burn cigarettes and liquid electronic cigarettes, the demand for nicotine products has increased significantly, causing the price to rise to more than 1 million per ton. [0003] Nicotine can be synthesized artificially, and several synthetic routes have been published. Compared with nicotine products extracted from tobacco leaves, artificiall...

AI Technical Summary

Problems solved by technology

(1) The distillation method is to distill the lye soaked with tobacco leaves through superheated steam, and then collect the distilled water, which contains free nicotine. Although this method is simple and versatile in equipment and easy to operate, it consumes a lot of energy. Alkali-treated residues are more harmful to the environment and difficult to handle, so they are not suitable for industrial production

(2) The ion exchange resin method is to soak the aqueous solution of tobacco leaves with distilled water for a long time, filter the residue, and then flow through the strong acid ion exchange resin column. The nicotine is enriched on the ion exchange column, and then exchanged with alkali to obtain free nicotine. Aqueous solution; the nicotine sulfate obtained by this method has high purity and few impurities, but it will produce a large amount of waste water, waste acid, waste alkali and waste residue to pollute the environment, and resin regeneration is difficult, high loss brings higher cost, and the extraction rate is low. Not suitable for industrial production

(3) The traditional extraction method is to directly neutralize the nicotine organic acid aqueous solution obtained by soaking the tobacco leaves with milk of lime in distilled water, and collect and filter the clear liquid to be the free nicotine aqueous solution; this method is simple, low-cost, but toxic Wastewater and waste residues are difficult to deal with, emulsification is serious, and equipment maintenance and cleaning costs are high

(4) The supercritical carbon dioxide extraction method requires huge high-pressure equipment, which is costly and dangerous, and is not suitable for industrial production

By comparing and studying the existing process routes, it is found that there are mainly problems in the following aspects in the prior art: 1) the existing traditional extraction method using distilled water as the extraction agent, although the operation is simple, the equipment is cheap, and the cost is low, the extraction rate is low. High, large liquid-solid ratio, resulting in large water consumption, high cost of concentration and purification in the later stage, resulting in increased production costs, and more industrial wastewater discharge

In order to increase the extraction rate of nicotine, the method of adding a large amount of alkaline chemical substances to adjust the pH value of the extractant will bring a large amount of harmful industrial wastewater on the one hand, and on the other hand, the residue treatment process after extraction is cumbersome, and because There are certain harmful components that are harmful to the body, and cannot be further used to extract other components and substances from tobacco waste residue

2) The residue extracted by distillation method is harmful to the environment and difficult to deal with after alkali treatment, so it is not suitable for industrial production

3) The ion exchange resin method will produce a large amount of waste water, waste acid, waste alkali and waste residue to pollute the environment, and the resin regeneration is difficult, high loss brings high cost, and the extraction rate is low, so it is not suitable for industrial production

4) The supercritical carbon dioxide extraction method requires huge high-pressure equipment, which is costly and dangerous

Among them, the single-stage extraction takes a long time and the extraction rate is low; the multi-stage extraction is divided into multi-stage cross-current extraction and multi-stage counter-current extraction. Although the multi-stage cross-current extraction has a high extraction rate, the amount of extraction agent is large and the concentration cost is high; and Multi-stage countercurrent extraction has a high extraction rate and a relatively small amount of extractant, which is a method commonly used in industry

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