System architecture of 16 bits microprocessor

Abstract

The invention discloses a 16-bit microprocessor, which is composed of a bus interface unit, a control unit, a processing unit and a register bus, is a microprocessor based on an accumulator, and integrates a timer, an interrupt controller, and a general asynchronous serial port , Universal synchronous serial port, dual-port RAM controller and other general-purpose embedded peripheral controllers; adopts four-level pseudo-pipeline structure, all instructions are single-word single-cycle instructions, operating frequency is 16MHz, and supports 16-level interrupts. The internal data and address buses of the microprocessor are both 16 bits, including the program code bus, data bus, and register bus. The buses are independent of each other, and data can be transmitted to each other within a single cycle. The external registers can be used as I / O channel expansion. I / O controllers such as timers and interrupt controllers are accessed from the extended register; when the microprocessor is used as the auxiliary processor of the main processor, it uses dual-port RAM to realize the connection between it and the main CPU in the system. Exchange of data and commands.

Description

1. Technical field [0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of computers, relates to the design and manufacture of a microprocessor, in particular to a system structure of a 16-bit microprocessor. 2. Background technology [0002] Microprocessor is an important core part to realize control in current electronic and electrical equipment. Because of its small size, easy expansion, and low cost, it is widely used in various control systems. Current microprocessors generally have 8-bit, 16-bit and 32-bit. [0003] Common 8-bit microprocessors, centered on controllers and arithmetic units, have the following disadvantages: [0004] (1) The working efficiency of the whole system is relatively low. [0005] (2) Instructions are executed sequentially, and the number of instructions completed per unit time is small, which cannot meet the needs of higher-speed industrial control or other control systems. [0006] (3) The command function is simple, which limits its appl...

AI Technical Summary

Problems solved by technology

[0004] (1) The working efficiency of the whole system is relatively low

[0005] (2) Instructions are executed sequentially, and the number of instructions completed per unit time is small, which cannot meet the needs of higher-speed industrial control or other control systems

[0006] (3) The command function is simple, which limits its application in many fields and environments

[0007] (4) The precision of processing data is not enough

[0009] (1) The command system is huge, the functions are complex, the addressing mode and the command format are not uniform, which makes the controller hardware that completes the decoding, analysis and execution of the command very large

It is not conducive to the adoption of design automation technology, prolongs the design cycle, increases the design cost, increases the chance of errors, and reduces the reliability of the system

[0010] (2) The instruction operation is complicated and the execution speed is low

[0011] (3) The code density is high, and it is difficult for the compiler to optimize and compile to generate a truly efficient machine language program

[0012] (4) The general-purpose registers are not really general-purpose. Some instructions can only use a few designated registers, and some registers must be vacated before they can be moved into the data to be used, which increases the number of unnecessary data transfers and makes Complicated optimization management of general-purpose registers

[0013] (5) The hardware to realize CISC is complex

It has a very large impact on the execution efficiency of RISC

For this reason, very complex algorithms and a large amount of hardware are required to solve various conflict problems, which complicates the design of the processor.

Can not meet the requirements of low-end applications

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