System and method to provide fairness and service differentation in ad-hoc networks

Abstract

A system and method for a media access control (MAC) scheduling algorithm having a distributed, self-coordinating approach to provide use fairness and service differentiation in an ad hoc network by using control RTS / CTS messages carrying node status information. A local scheduling algorithm uses the overheard RTS / CTS information with attributes specifying nodes' status to maximize the awareness of the neighborhood status for a multi-channel system where data and ACK messages are transmitted through different data channels. If the system uses a single channel, the corresponding information may be carried by using DATA or ACK messages. The algorithm measures the offered load, carried load, and backlogged load in the neighborhood to adjust the channel access timer to provide use fairness among different nodes, different links, and different streams. The algorithm can further both calculate the priority level based on the node queue status, and calculate the priority level based on the neighbor status, to break the contention tiers and enable the service differentiation.

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a medium access control (MAC) protocol in a wireless ad hoc network system. Specifically, a communications system and method with a handshaking protocol is used for data exchange in a single or multi-channel, multihop wireless network including a local scheduling algorithm to resolve fairness and service differentiation problems in a fully distributed system. 2. Description of the Related Art Wireless communications networks, such as mobile wireless telephone networks, have become increasingly prevalent over the past decade. These wireless communications networks are commonly referred to as “cellular networks”, because the network infrastructure is arranged to divide the service area into a plurality of regions called “cells”. A terrestrial cellular network includes a plurality of interconnected base stations, or base nodes, that are distributed geographically at designated locations throughou...

AI Technical Summary

Benefits of technology

Another object of the present invention is to provide a local scheduling algorithm which can measure a single node's information using RTS / CTS message information, and assigning a weight factor to the single node based upon the measured information.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a local scheduling algorithm which can measure a single node's neighbor node information using RTS / CTS message information, and assigning a weight factor to each neighbor node of the single node based upon the measured information.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a local scheduling algorithm which can execute at least two scheduling schemes, including a first stateless scheme using only a single node's weight factor, and a second stateful scheme using a single node's weight factor and a neighbor node's weight factor.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a local scheduling algorithm which can execute at least two scheduling schemes to adjust channel access to provide fair use among nodes, different links, and different streams.

These and other objects are substantially achieved by providing a system and method for a MAC algorithm having a distributed, self-coordinating approach to provide use fairness and service differentiation in an ad hoc network by using control RTS / CTS messages carrying node status information. A local scheduling algorithm is provided and uses the overheard RTS / CTS information with attributes specifying nodes' status to maximize the awareness of the neighborhood. The system may consist of a single channel or multiple channels where data and ACK messages are transmitted through different channels. The algorithm measures the offered load, carried load, and backlogged load in the neighborhood to adjust the channel access timer to provide use fairness among different nodes, different links, and different streams. The algorithm can further both calculate the priority level based on the node queue status, and calculate the priority level based on the neighbor status, to break the contention tiers and enable the service differentiation.

Problems solved by technology

Communication between nodes, however, is often subject to errors due to interference, multipath and fading effects and collisions.

However, processing of this information is based on an absolute comparison, i.e. the relative status of the transmissions in the neighborhood is not used and fairness is not studied.

The main objective in the Kermani Patent is to solve hidden terminal problems, but not to also resolve the problems related to having one transceiver and multiple data channels, such as missing reservation data.

However if this information is not correct, this may cause every node to decrease their backoff time and increase the collision.

However, in multihopping systems, one important cause of channel access delay is that many streams may be aggregated at one relaying node (such as wireless routers that do not have central controlling capabilities as access points in one-hop systems) and the relaying node may be busy.

Therefore, although channel and address monitoring decrease the collision probability (hence, decrease the number of failed transmission attempts), the offered traffic intensity may be high.

This delay may cause short term unfairness and slow down TCP type traffic, hence change the actual traffic intensity.

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