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System for airborne bacterial sample collection and analysis

a technology for airborne bacteria and sample collection, applied in the field of system for collecting and analyzing airborne bacteria or biological particles, can solve the problems of low diagnostic sensitivities, unpleasant and difficult for both healthcare providers and patients, and particularly difficult procedures in some patient populations

Inactive Publication Date: 2013-08-22
DETON
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  • Summary
  • Abstract
  • Description
  • Claims
  • Application Information

AI Technical Summary

Benefits of technology

The patent text describes a method where a sample of the internal components of a system can be taken without needing to disassemble the system. This method is helpful in analyzing the internal components of a system without having to shut them down.

Problems solved by technology

This procedure is particularly difficult in some patient populations.
For example, in the case of children, special procedures such as sputum induction and gastric aspiration are required; all of which are unpleasant and difficult for both healthcare providers and patients.
The procedure requires a medical doctor and can cause infections if the bronchoscope is not properly disinfected.
Moreover, sputum samples are usually contaminated with saliva, which lowers their quality (less M. tuberculosis cells per mL) resulting in low diagnostic sensitivities.
Practicality refers to the time, training, resources, accessibility and cost of conducting the test.
Radiology (chest X-rays) is one of the fastest diagnostics (<1 hr), but suffers from non-specificity and requires expensive equipment operated in a lab.
However, obtaining results takes 2-6 weeks in a resource-intensive tab setting.
Because of backlog, these tests can take up to 6 months in some countries and require multiple visits.
NAAT suffers from low practicality due to sputum-based sample preparation by a lab technician and is therefore highly variable in resource-limited labs.
Another diagnostic issue that is challenging the medical community involves hospital-acquired infections (HAIs).
More and more it is being recognized that HAIs are a serious problem, both from a public health standpoint, and from the perspective of cost-containment for medical expenses.
Furthermore, TB, and multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) have also surfaced causing further problems in aerosol transmission in hospitals.
However, a key challenge to providing a detector system with sufficient sensitivity is to collect and rapidly amplify the low-concentrations of bacterial aerosol by delivering highly concentrated analyte (such as DNA) to sensors.
Conventional sensors simply do not meet the requirements needed to provide direct diagnostic of possible infection or contamination risks from aerosol sources, such as a patient's breath, cough or sneeze, or from the environment.

Method used

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  • System for airborne bacterial sample collection and analysis
  • System for airborne bacterial sample collection and analysis
  • System for airborne bacterial sample collection and analysis

Examples

Experimental program
Comparison scheme
Effect test

example 1

Comparison of Performance with Conventional. Systems—Environmental. Sampling

[0076]Turning to a comparison of the operation of the instant invention with that of a conventional aerosol collection and analysis system, it should be understood at the outset that access to the internal components (ICs) of cells, mainly DNA, is necessary for most detection methods. (See, e.g., N. Bao and C. Lu., Principles of Bacterial Detection: Biosensors, Recognition Receptors and Microsystems, pages 817-831. Springer, (2008), the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.) In conventional biosensor systems, as shown in a block-diagram in FIG. 2a, the bacterial aerosol is first collected in a first unit (46), and then lysed (48) in a second unit by either mechanical, heat, chemical, electrical, or laser systems. The lysis products are then purified in subsequent units (not shown) to deliver the target molecules to a suitable sensor. (For FIGS. 2a and 2b it should be noted that the shaded ...

example 2

Study of Cell Break-Up

[0086]Studies have been conducted using the experimental apparatus described in Example 1, above, to show that airborne bacteria passing through an aerodynamic shock breaks-up by experiencing a relative deceleration because of sharp changes in the gas velocity. An aerodynamic shock is created by operating the impactor nozzle at sonic velocity when χ=P1 / P01 is the pressure downstream and P0 is the pressure upstream of the nozzle). Uncontrolled instabilities in the form of waves on the surface of the bacterium perpendicular to the direction of acceleration cause bacterial cells to break-up. The critical acceleration ac is given by:

ac=4π2σρpdp2[EQ.3]

where σ is the surface tension of the bacterium, dp is the diameter of the bacterium, and ρp is the density of the bacterium. (See, e.g., D. D. Joseph, et al. International Journal of Multiphase Flow, 25(6-7):1263-1303, (1999); Sislian (2009) & Sislian (2010), the disclosure of each of which are incorporated herein by ...

example 3

Methods of Measuring DNA Collection Efficiency

[0089]The experimental setup provided in Example 1, can also be used to measure the collection efficiency (ηd) of the system. In such an experiment, the bacterial suspension would be aerosolized using a capillary nebulizer (TR-30-A1, Meinhard Glass Products) at a Nitrogen flow-rate of 0.2 mL / min. The suspension concentration and flow-rate will be controlled to produce single bacterial cells in the aerosol.

[0090]E. coli will be used as the test aerosol because (1) it does not require biosafety chambers and (2) is easily cultured and washed. In addition, S. pneumoniae is a vegetative bacterium expected to have an ac similar to E. coli vs. B. atropheus spores and hence a similar value of ƒ. The ds-DNA (double stranded) in our samples will be stained with PicoGreen fluorescent dye (P11495, Life Technologies) using the protocols provided by the manufacturer and in other work. (See, W. Martens-Habbena and H. Sass, cited above.)

[0091]Quantitati...

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Abstract

An aerosol biological collector / analyzer, and method of collecting and analyzing an aerosol sample for diagnosis is provided. In particular, the current invention is directed to an airborne aerosol collection and bacterial analysis system and method, capable of collecting an airborne aerosol sample and preparing it for analysis via aerodynamic shock in a single-step.

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION[0001]The current invention is directed to a system for collecting and analyzing airborne bacteria or biological particles; and more particularly to a system comprising an aerosol collection system for airborne bacterial or biological particle detection that can be used to prepare a sample for diagnosis or directly diagnose a sample for bacterial infection from the environment or from a patient, such as, for example, tuberculosis.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION[0002]Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious disease that causes 2 million deaths annually. Approximately 9.3 million people worldwide develop TB every year, of which some estimated 4.4 million are undiagnosed. Improving TB diagnostics would result in approximately 625,000 annually adjusted lives saved worldwide, and elimination of TB from industrialized countries. (See, e.g., Center of Disease Control and Prevention, TB elimination: Trends in tuberculosis 2008, (2009); and World Health Organization, Diagnostics f...

Claims

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Application Information

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Patent Type & Authority Applications(United States)
IPC IPC(8): C12Q1/68
CPCA61B5/082A61B5/097G01N1/2208C12Q1/689G01N2001/2217G01N2001/2244G01N33/497
Inventor SISLIAN, PATRICKNASR, RAMZINASR, MAZEN
Owner DETON
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