Generation of hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers using elastin-like polypeptides

Abstract

Described herein is the use of elastin-like polypeptides to generate hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers as a means of preventing and treating conditions caused by blood loss or anemia, for example, hemorrhagic shock. Elastin-like polypeptides are capable of creating therapeutically functional fusion proteins through genetic engineering with a therapeutic agent, for example, hemoglobin and biologic equivalent thereof. Specific forms of these fusion proteins have the ability to form into spherical nanoparticles possessing a therapeutically agent at their core. This provides a unique basis for employing elastin-like polypeptides as hemoglobin carriers in the manufacture of blood substitutes.

Description

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS[0001]This application claims the benefit of priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 62 / 089,885, filed Dec. 10, 2014, entitled “GENERATION OF HEMOGLOBIN-BASED OXYGEN CARRIERS USING ELASTIN-LIKE POLYPEPTIDES”, the content of which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.FIELD OF INVENTION[0002]The present invention relates generally to artificial or synthetic blood substitutes.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION[0003]The Circulatory System and the Nature of Hemoglobin[0004]Blood, the means for delivering oxygen (O2) and nutrients to the tissues and removing carbon dioxide (CO2) and waste products from the tissues for excretion, is composed of plasma in which red blood cells (RBCs or erythrocytes), white blood cells (WBCs), and platelets are suspended. The functions of blood can be grouped generally as maintenance of intravascular volume, delivery of oxygen to tissues, provision of coagulation factors, provision of some defense mechanism...

AI Technical Summary

Benefits of technology

The invention provides a biocompatible pharmaceutical composition containing a complex of polymer and hemoglobin, which can store and release oxygen based on its oxygen dissociation curve. This complex can be used to treat blood loss, anemia, and hemoglobin disorders, and improve survival of the patients. The polymer can be a protein, polynucleotide, polysaccharide, or synthetic polymer. The treatment involves administering the pharmaceutical composition to the patient.

Problems solved by technology

It is reported that over 40% of all trauma-related deaths within the first 24 hours results from hemorrhagic shock, which can be rapidly fatal; serious car accidents, battlefield injuries, and complications during child delivery are other examples of incidents leading to hemorrhagic shock.

The overwhelming cause of mortality in each of these cases is a loss of oxygen-carrying blood.

However, blood transfusion is not readily done before reaching a hospital facility due to disadvantages and constraints of blood transfusion that are discussed below.

First, due to the irregular nature of blood donations, blood supply shortages are common.

Second, there may be a shortage of a patient's blood type.

Third, transfused blood may be contaminated with infectious agents.

Fourth, donated blood has a short stored shelf life (42 days) and must be stored in a refrigerated environment.

Stored blood also loses 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG) as time progresses, increasing its oxygen affinity and impairing oxygen unloading capacity in tissues.

Fifth, complications can occur with blood transfusion due to inaccurate cross-matching, which remains the leading direct cause of death resulting from blood transfusion.

Sixth, the greatest risk of transfusion may be the alterations it induces in recipients' immunological function.

Multiple blood transfusions may eventually lead to a severe systemic inflammatory response, which may cause increasing incidence of multiple organ failure.

Unfortunately, to date, no oxygen-carrying blood substitutes are approved for use by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA).

First, it is not as effective at oxygenation as are red blood cells, because free hemoglobin has reduced contact with phosphates, causing the P50 curve to shift to the left, resulting in hemoglobin with a high oxygen affinity and limited unloading.

Out of these and other suggested chemically modified hemoglobins, several products progressed to human studies and limited testing in human patients.

It also exhibits a long shelf life when stored in a freezer.

However, Baxter Healthcare halted further development of DCLHb in 1998 after the product failed trials in patients with stroke and trauma.

In the United States, phase II trials have been put on hold due to safety issues.

Hemopure® was removed from the market in 2008 due to deaths related to kidney failure following transfusion of the product.

However, the half-life of this liposome encapsulated hemoglobin is short, which has hindered its clinical development.

Liposome encapsulated hemoglobin is prone to aggregate and fuse together after several days of storage, diminishing its functionality.

Recombinant protein polymers or genetically engineered protein polymers are biodegradable and potentially biocompatible if the artificial sequence is not antigenic.

Images