The invention discloses a blood transfusion system for autologous blood recovery, filtration and purification, which comprises a suction head, a blood storage and filtration tank, a blood storage pressurizing bag, a blood ultrafiltration purifier and a blood bag which are sequentially connected through a pipeline. The blood transfusion system has the advantages that by the aid of the complete system which is simple in structure, convenient in use and low in cost, outflow blood is effectively recovered, filtered and purified, impurity particles such as harmful free hemoglobin, inflammatory mediators, cell activation products, small tissue dross, micro-polymers and the like in blood are removed, the blood is concentrated, and adverse transfusion reaction caused by prior filtration-type blood recovery is eliminated. Besides, the system is capable of effectively retaining plasma components and blood platelet components in the blood, and avoiding the influence of cleaning out blood coagulation factors and blood platelets in the blood on a blood coagulation function during cleaning blood recovery. In addition, by the aid of the system, infectious diseases caused by homologous blood transfusion are avoided, shortage of blood sources is relieved, and the economic burden of a patient is reduced.