Multistage turbine preferably for organic rankine cycle orc plants
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first embodiment
[0073]FIG. 1 shows a turbine 1 according to the present invention, comprising a shaft 2, a volute 3 for injecting the working fluid to be expanded and discharging the expanded working fluid, and a plurality of stages of expansion being in turn defined by arrays of stator blades S alternated with arrays of rotor blades R.
[0074]Observing FIG. 1, the stages farthest to the left are the high-pressure ones and the stages farthest to the right are the low-pressure ones.
[0075]Supporting disks numbered as 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 sustain the rotor blades. Bearings 5 and 6 support the shaft 2.
[0076]For the purposes of the following description, volute 3 generally means the stationary supporting members of the turbine 1. As the field technician will comprise, the volute 3 can be formed in its turn by several elements.
[0077]It should be noted that, in the attached figures, labyrinths are only schematically shown. Actually, in order to constrain the parts that will be described—often having different...
third embodiment
[0109]FIG. 3 shows the turbine 1, which differs from that shown in FIG. 2 because it is provided with shut-off valves 13 positioned on the flanges 7 of the disks 10-50. More in detail, the flanges 7 of the discs 10-50 are perforated, i.e. a plurality of through holes 14 is circumferentially formed thereon. Each of the through holes 14 is intercepted by a valve 13.
[0110]The valves 13 comprise an obstructing element 15 to obstruct the respective hole 14; in the example shown in the figures it is a metal ball 15. A spring 16 pushes the obstructing element 15 away from the hole 14 in order to open the passage. The elastic force of the spring 16 is countered by the centrifugal force applied on the ball 15 when the disks 10-50 are rotating. The preload of the spring 16 is specifically selected so that, when the turbine 1 is operating at a speed equal to or higher than a given intermediate speed, the holes 14 are kept closed.
[0111]Instead, the shut-off valves 13 automatically open the hole...
fourth embodiment
[0114]FIG. 5 shows the turbine 1 which is different from the previous ones because the first stage of expansion is centrifugal radial and the second stage comprises an array of angular stator blades which divert the flow in the axial direction. The remaining stages are axial as in previously described embodiments.
[0115]In particular, by adding at least one radial stator blade assembly it is possible to arrange a system for varying or intercepting the flow, for example a system of variable pitch blades, thereby lowering the costs with respect to the axial stator blade system.
[0116]FIG. 6 shows an embodiment with a solid shaft 2. The shaft 2 is coupled to the main supporting disk 10 by the Hirth toothing and a plurality of tie rods 70, which are shown as enlarged in FIG. 7. The turbine comprises a sealing ring 9′ translating from the volute 3 and having a greater diameter with respect to the ring 9 shown in FIG. 2. The ring 9′ moves in abutment against the main supporting disk 10 in o...
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