Methods, systems, and devices to improve the assessment of
visual function and overcoming limitations of current methods to identify the
visual function that potentially could be reached by a given eye. Multiple eye tests including visual stimuli plus optical measurement components, and methods to combine the results, identify and quantify sources of decreased vision resulting from optical sources, such as a lens and
cornea as distinguished from
retinal sources. By identifying potentially correctable optical sources of decreased vision, and overcoming physiological limitations such as size of the eye's
pupil, the visual benefits of treatment such as by cataract or
corneal surgery are distinguished from
retinal pathology that requires medical intervention. The devices and methods provide
metrics that include an expected value of the
visual function and sources of variability including both optical and neural components, to guide treatment and improve clinical trials.