Dynamic prewhirl and axial push type hydrocyclone

Abstract

The invention relates to a dynamic prewhirl and axial push type hydrocyclone which is composed of a medium prewhirl part and a hydrocyclone separating part. The invention is characterized in that materials are fed along the axial direction, a turnstile is used for prewhirl, the axial dimension of the turnstile is short and is not easy to vibrate; and the turnstile also has the function of boosting pressure, the pressure drop of the hydrocyclone is very low; a ring-shaped material axial propelling and accelerating structure is arranged in the outer ring area of the end part of the turnstile so that the axial flow on the periphery of the hydrocyclone is increased, the heavy component on the border can faster reach a heavy liquid outlet, the treatment capacity is increased, the outflow of the unseparated inner medium is reduced, and the axial velocity gradient between layers is reduced, thus avoiding entrainment and blending. A short-circuit-proof baffle cap is arranged at the outlet of light liquid which flows backward so that the feed mixed medium is prevented from flowing to the outlet of light liquid, namely short circuit outflow while the separating efficiency is increased. The invention is applicable to the efficient separation of liquid-solid two-phase with solid particles or oil-water two-phase with solid particles.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention relates to a centrifugal separation device for multi-phase components, in particular to a dynamic pre-rotation and axial propulsion hydrocyclone, which is suitable for efficient separation of liquid-solid phase or oil-water phase containing solid particles. Background technique [0002] At present, hydrocyclone separators at home and abroad are generally divided into two categories: static type and dynamic external drive type. Most of the hydrocyclones are static structures with purely static components. Although they are easy to operate, reliable and have a long working life, their separation mechanism relies on the pressure of the inlet medium to convert into high-speed swirling flow. Therefore, the pressure loss is very large, resulting in insufficient pressure difference to promote the flow and reducing the processing capacity per unit volume of the cyclone. And because of the large axial velocity loss at the edge, it is easy to gene...

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Problems solved by technology

[0004] However, the above-mentioned dynamic drive hydrocyclone still has some shortcomings: the outer drum of the total type and the pre-swirl flow type is similar to the shell of the static cyclone, and the rotation boundary extends to the entire separation channel, and the mechanical error of the drum It is easy to cause unbalanced vibration, affect the stability of swirl separation, and is easy to mix again; the pre-swirl flow type only relies on the friction force of the inner wall of the outer cylinder of the separation section to increase the strength of the outer peripheral swirl flow, its effect is limited, and the efficiency of the rotating component is low ; Although the composite type is the direction of future development, its structure is somewhat complicated, and its cantilever cantilever is very long, so it is easy to swing and vibrate

However, due to the friction of the inner wall of the cyclone and the above-mentioned reverse pressure gradient, the separated heavy phase near the boundary will accelerate more slowly in the axial direction, which is not conducive to the timely discharge of the separated heavy phase and sediment. Under the bad effect, it is possible to accelerate the discharge of the incompletely separated phase in the outer layer from the heavy liquid outlet, and make the separation effect worse

[0007] Not only that, the increase of the axial velocity of the incompletely separated phase, or the inward movement of the highest axial velocity, will lead to an increase in the axial velocity gradient between the layers in the inner layer region of the separation section, and the light phase near the inner layer If the axial velocity gradient between the layers is large, it will intensify the entrainment and mixing of the separated light liquid, further deteriorating the effect of cyclone separation

[0008] The separation effect of the cyclone is not as good as that of the centrifuge, and there is another important reason: because the medium needs to increase its spin, it needs to shrink the radius of the separation section, but this will cause the centrifugal field strength to change too much along the axial direction, which cannot Enables so-called "neutral layer" feed with minimal disturbance of the feed flow to the separated phase

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