Method and apparatus for laser lithotripsy
A laser, laser system technology, used in radiation therapy, parts of surgical instruments, treatment, etc.
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Embodiment 1
[0045] A 1470 nm diode laser source with 400 μm fibers was used for lithotripsy of calcium oxalate, uric acid and cystine urinary stones. Pulsed radiation of high peak power is used to achieve the conversion of focused high-intensity energy into mechanical energy in the form of cavitation bubbles associated with the emergence of shock waves. This mechanical energy is suitable for breaking up the stones. Good lithotripsy was achieved with a power of 20W and a pulse consisting of turning the power on for 1.0 seconds and turning the power off for 0.3 seconds.
[0046] Table I shows the results of in vitro experiments using a 1470 nm diode laser. For different types of fibers, the power threshold for achieving plasma formation was determined at the fiber tip.
[0047] fiber
[0048] Table I. Power Thresholds for Plasma Formation
Embodiment 2
[0050] Wavelengths of 1470nm and 1940nm are highly absorbed in water; these radiations generate high-energy bubbles at the fiber tip with photothermal and cavitation effects. Accordingly, in vitro tests were carried out using a diode source emitting a wavelength combination of 1470nm and 1940nm and with the fiber tip immersed in water under continuous wave irradiation in order to try to achieve urolith comminution. Photothermal bubbles called "non-sparking or non-sparking plasma bubbles" were created at the fiber tips, which were able to destroy urinary stones and also ablate soft tissues in endocavity urology. Stones are destroyed without significant heat gain in the surrounding water. Complete destruction of medium-hard urinary stones and marked erosion of cystine stones were obtained.
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