Single-roller bit with PDC (polycrystalline diamond compact) composite plates

Abstract

The invention discloses a single-roller bit with PDC (polycrystalline diamond compact) composite plates, which is characterized in that diamond PDC plates are brazed on a toothed column and then are embedded on a roller, a bearing is sealed with a metal ring in a combined manner by two O-shaped rings, high-speed rotating radial combined sealing of a roller groove diameter and a ring outer diameter and high-speed rotating radial combined sealing of a ring inner diameter and a shaft groove diameter are respectively realized alternatively by the aid of the two O-shaped rings, the sealing life of each single O-shaped ring is prolonged, and bearing abrasion speed is reduced by the aid of double thrust cushions; gauge protection ability and work stability of the bit are increased by two-stage gauge protection; and high-speed slurry sprayed out via a hydraulic jetting system cleans rocks of a shaft bottom, a surface of the roller and PDC teeth and carries rock scraps at the shaft bottom to return upwards, the multiple groups of gauge protection PDC composite plates are arranged reasonably, work indexes of the bit are greatly increased under the condition of ultra-high rotation speed, well drilling cost is reduced, the rotation speed of the bit and torque of the PDC plates are reduced as compared with a PDC bit, damage to the PDC plates due to rotation is reduced, and work performances of the single-roller bit can be greatly improved.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention relates to a PDC bit and a single-cone bit for petroleum geological drilling engineering, in particular to a high-speed sealed bearing PDC composite sheet single-cone bit that realizes the integration of the PDC bit and the single-cone bit, and belongs to the field of geological drilling engineering machinery. Background technique [0002] The currently used PDC bit and single-cone bit break rocks by tooth cutting. The PDC bit is a synthetic polycrystalline diamond composite chip bit. The PDC chip is a cylindrical hard alloy. The diamond layer cuts and breaks the rock. Under the condition of low drill pressure and high speed, the teeth of the PDC bit cut and break the rock. The PDC composite sheet is the most efficient and the longest in the existing rock cutting. However, damage to the PDC sheet is more likely to be damaged, especially when drilling into soft and hard rock layers or containing gravel rocks. Anti-rotation is one of the in...

AI Technical Summary

Problems solved by technology

The single-cone bit is to cut the rock at the bottom of the well by the teeth, not to break the rock by the impact of the teeth. The single-cone bit is different from the ordinary one in terms of tooth layout and tooth shape, but the single-cone bit in the prior art still uses the ordinary one. The teeth arrangement of the wheel drill bit, one is to arrange the tooth top of the tooth from the center of the well bottom to the spherical surface of the well diameter, so that the rock at the bottom of the well is completely broken. The spraying water hole on the top cloth cleans the rock debris at the bottom of the well, and even causes the sealing failure of the inner hole of the erosion wheel and the bearing on the end face of the wheel; the second is that the ordinary tricone bit is still used with carbide wedge teeth, cone ball teeth and ball teeth, which is not conducive to improving Rock cutting efficiency; third, in order to improve the service life of the main cutting teeth near the center of the well bottom, diamond composite cones are mostly used, and there is a wear-resistant polycrystalline diamond layer on the surface of the cone ball, and its spherical tooth top is not conducive to cutting bottom rocks , only improves the wear resistance of the tooth top, but does not improve the efficiency of cutting and breaking rocks

Images