A polyurethane rigid foam-aerogel composite flame-retardant thermal insulation material and its preparation method

Abstract

The invention discloses a polyurethane rigid foam-aerogel composite inflaming retarding thermal insulation material and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method comprises the following steps that firstly, polymer and clay are added into water, and after stirring, colloid is obtained; secondly, the obtained colloid is evenly applied to the surface of polyurethane rigid foam, then, freezing and vacuum drying are carried out, and the polyurethane rigid foam-aerogel composite inflaming retarding thermal insulation material is obtained. Due to the facts that the post-processing is conducted on the polyurethane rigid foam and change of the structure of polyurethane is not related, the excellent performance of polyurethane will not be lowered; the adopted polymer-clay aerogel is similar to the polyurethane rigid foam in density, heat conductivity coefficient, mechanical performance and the like, and therefore the comprehensive performance of the obtained composite material is similar to that of the polyurethane rigid foam, and the obtained composite material has excellent performance; meanwhile, the process operation is easy, cost is low, and the process is easy to popularize.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of flame-retardant thermal insulation materials, and in particular relates to a polyurethane rigid foam-aerogel composite flame-retardant thermal insulation material and a preparation method thereof. Background technique [0002] Polyurethane rigid foam has the advantages of low thermal conductivity, excellent mechanical properties, aging resistance, and chemical resistance, and is widely used as thermal insulation materials for buildings and heating pipelines. [0003] The proportion of carbon and hydrogen in the polyurethane molecular chain is high, and it is a flammable polymer material in terms of chemical structure; moreover, the polyurethane foam has a small density and a large specific surface area, and it can fully contact with oxygen when burning to accelerate the burning of the foam. Therefore, the limiting oxygen index (LOI) of polyurethane foam is low, between 16% and 18%, which is a flammable ma...

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Problems solved by technology

At present, the commercialized flame-retardant polyurethane foam mainly adopts the method of blending metal oxides and brominated flame retardants, but the method of blending flame-retardant usually affects the foaming process of polyurethane, and the surface and mechanical properties of the material deteriorate. Insulation performance also often declines, and halogens have environmental pollution problems; CN105367738A discloses a copolymerized N-9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phospha-10-phenanthrenyl isopropyl-N,N - a method for preparing a structural flame retardant flame-retardant rigid polyurethane foam from di-(2-hydroxyethyl) amine, compared with the blending method, due to the limitation of flame retardant addition and efficiency low flame performance, high flame retardant price and other disadvantages; CN105369918A discloses a polyurethane thermal insulation composite board, including a polyurethane thermal insulation layer, a sandwich panel made of metal plate cladding, and the metal plate cladding layer of the sandwich panel is covered with cement layer

The thermal insulation composite board has good flame retardant performance, and the thermal insulation performance is not affected. However, due to the use of cement and metal plates, the material density is high and the application environment is limited.

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