Obtaining method of nectarine inoculation embryo

Abstract

The invention provides an obtaining method of a nectarine inoculation embryo and belongs to the technical field of plant breeding. The method comprises the following steps: selecting a staminate plantand a maternal parent; taking staminate plant pollen and carrying out hybrid pollination at an initial flowering stage; picking and removing unpollinated flower buds; watering at a full-bloom stage;applying a growth regulator and pruning; carrying out fruit thinning at a kernel hardening stage and applying fertilizer; picking, disinfecting and preserving the fruits; carrying out a nectarine inoculation embryo obtaining process in a rain-sheltering facility. By adopting the method provided by the invention, the influences on the fruit setting percentage of nectarines, and dehiscent fruits andscab of the fruits, caused by rainwater and bad weather in early spring, can be overcome; the fruit setting percentage of hybrid fruits is effectively improved, and the ratio of the fruits with diseases and pests and the rotting rate of the fruits placed in a freezer are reduced; compared with a conventional outdoor pollination hybridization method, the method has the advantages that the quantityof the hybrid fruits is effectively increased so that the quantity of the inoculation embryos is increased; meanwhile, the quality of the inoculation embryos is also improved, the emergence rate of the nectarine hybrid fruits is improved and a breeding working progress of early-mature nectarines is accelerated.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention relates to the technical field of plant breeding, in particular to a method for obtaining nectarine inoculated embryos. Background technique [0002] Nectarines originated in the Northwest of my country, and were introduced to Iran through Central Asia, and then to Europe and the United States through the ancient Silk Road. Because the fruit surface of nectarine is smooth and hairless, and the color is bright, it has become the main direction of the improvement of fresh peach varieties in the world. Nectarines are mostly early-maturing varieties. Due to the short fruit development period, poor embryo development or embryo deformity, it is necessary to use embryo rescue technology for rescue breeding. [0003] Nectarines are different from peaches. Nectarines bloom early and the temperature is unstable during the flowering period. The conventional hybridization method in the open field is used to pollinate the flowers after emasculation. ...

AI Technical Summary

Problems solved by technology

[0003] Nectarines are different from peaches. Nectarines bloom early and the temperature is unstable during the flowering period. The conventional hybridization method in the open field is used to pollinate the flowers after emasculation. Because the pistils lose the protection of petals, they are often easily affected by cold spring or low night temperature in spring, which seriously affects Fruit set rate

At the same time, nectarines mostly mature from mid-to-late June to early July. This time in the southern region coincides with the rainy season, with continuous rain, high air humidity and drastic changes in root soil moisture often causing fruit cracking and the spread of diseases and diseases. For example, in conventional cultivation methods, nectarines are severely cracked and diseased in the open air, especially in the rainy season. For example, the cracking rate of 'Zhongyou No. The fruit cracking rate of You 004' was about 20%, and the brown rot in the ripe fruit of 'Shangyou 018' was serious, causing 30% to 50% fruit rot

In addition, in conventional nectarine cultivation, large fruit is generally pursued, so fruit thinning is relatively strict, and the amount of fruit remaining is relatively small. Large fruit is likely to cause cracking, and embryo abortion is not suitable for inoculation.

Therefore, the nectarine hybrid fruit of open-field hybridization in the prior art removes diseased fruit, cracked fruit, oversized fruit, etc., and the number of embryos that can be used for inoculation is limited.

In addition, it is often not possible to inoculate the fruit on the day of harvest, and it needs to be stored in a cold storage for a period of time

The conventional way to preserve nectarines is to put the fruit in a frame, but the peel is easy to lose water when placed in this way, which will accelerate the process of the pulp becoming soft and rotten

Putting it tightly in a plastic bag without air circulation will also increase the rot rate and affect the quantity and quality of the inoculated embryos.

Thereby, the obtaining method of existing nectarine inoculation embryo has had a strong impact on the breeding process of nectarine

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