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Deuterated electrolyte solvents

An electrolyte and organic solvent technology used in the field of rechargeable batteries

Pending Publication Date: 2019-07-19
FORD GLOBAL TECH LLC
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  • Summary
  • Abstract
  • Description
  • Claims
  • Application Information

AI Technical Summary

Problems solved by technology

Therefore, organic solvents and lithium salts for Li-ion batteries are limited to the highest purity

Method used

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  • Deuterated electrolyte solvents
  • Deuterated electrolyte solvents
  • Deuterated electrolyte solvents

Examples

Experimental program
Comparison scheme
Effect test

example 1

[0063] The following reactions show the production of methane from DMC in the overdischarged state:

[0064] CH 3 OCO 2 CH 3 +2e - +2Li + →2CH3 OLi↓+CO↑

[0065] CH 3 OCO 2 CH 3 +2e - +2Li + h 2 → Li 2 CO 3 ↓+2CH 4

[0066] CH 3 OCO 2 CH 3 +e - +Li + 1 / 2H 2 →CH 3 OCO 2 Li↓+CH 4 ↑

[0067] In an ideal alternative, the same mechanism involving deuterium has a much slower reaction rate:

[0068] cd 3 OCO 2 cd 3 +2e - +2Li + →2CD 3 OLi↓+CO↑

[0069] cd 3 OCO 2 cd 3 +2e - +2Li + D. 2 → Li 2 CO 3 ↓+2CD 4

[0070] cd 3 OCO 2 cd 3 +e - +Li + 1 / 2D 2 →CD 3 OCO 2 Li↓+CD 4 ↑

[0071] The use of DEC and EMC involves reactions similar to those shown above.

example 2

[0073] Consider the following reactions that occur in an overcharged state:

[0074] 3CO 2 →Co 3 o 4 +O 2 ↑

[0075] CH 3 OCO 2 CH 3 (DMC)+3O 2 →3CO 2 ↑+3H 2 o

[0076] In an ideal substitution situation, the same mechanism would have slower reaction kinetics:

[0077] 3CO 2 →Co 3 o 4 +O 2 ↑

[0078] cd 3 OCO 2 cd 3 (DMC)+3O 2 →3CO 2 ↑+3D 2 o

[0079] The final reactions show, respectively, the generation of oxygen due to the degradation of the cathode material and the decomposition of the electrolyte due to the generated oxygen. It should be noted that in this case the formation of water would be an obstacle, since it would be more difficult to "extract" the deuterium from the solvent. Furthermore, water is particularly detrimental to cell stability because it is a precursor to hydrofluoric acid.

example 3

[0081] Electrolyte preparation

[0082] Lithium salts (e.g., LiPF 6 ) added to ethylene carbonate-d 4 , diethyl carbonate-d 10 and dimethyl carbonate-d 6 , so that a certain molar concentration of electrolyte is obtained. In other examples, lithium salts are added to ethylene carbonate-d 4 / Ethylene carbonate, diethyl carbonate-d 10 / Diethyl carbonate and dimethyl carbonate-d 6 / dimethyl carbonate, the ratio of isotopologue to organic solvent in said mixture is 1:10 points and 1:50. Also, for testing purposes, known concentrations of contaminants such as water and hydrofluoric acid are added to the electrolyte using a moisture titrator. In other examples, ethylene carbonate-d 4 , diethyl carbonate-d 10 and dimethyl carbonate-d 6 Other isotopic substitutions are included, such as carbon-13 in place of carbon-12.

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Abstract

The disclosure provides deuterated electrolyte solvents, and generally relates to rechargeable batteries, for example, lithium-ion batteries including electrolytes with deuterated solvents. The use ofdeuterated solvents in the synthesis of lithium-ion electrolytes in rechargeable cells or batteries increases the chemical stability of the cell or batteries by reducing the rate of hydrogen relatedreactions during decomposition or inhibiting some of these parasitic reactions.

Description

technical field [0001] The present disclosure generally relates to rechargeable batteries, such as lithium-ion batteries that include electrolytes with deuterated solvents. Background technique [0002] Lithium-ion batteries are widely used in many applications. For automotive applications, lithium-ion batteries are used in hybrid, plug-in hybrid and pure electric vehicles. Lithium-ion batteries are also used in many other applications, including portable electronic devices such as cell phones. These batteries may include organic liquid electrolytes such as alkyl carbonates. Liquid electrolytes usually have a wide electrochemical window, good ionic conductivity, and chemical stability. However, the decomposition of the electrolyte can lead to a decrease in the charge capacity and power capacity, and such as H 2 、CH 4 , CO 2 gaseous products and the production of various hydrocarbons such as ethylene, ethane or propylene. The gas formed may cause pressure buildup, cell...

Claims

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Application Information

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IPC IPC(8): H01M10/0569H01M10/0525
CPCH01M10/0525H01M10/0569H01M10/0567H01M10/4285H01M2300/004Y02E60/10H01M10/0568
Inventor 埃里克·波里尔
Owner FORD GLOBAL TECH LLC
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