Test method and device for nitrogen and phosphorus migration and conversion in dry farmland

Abstract

The invention discloses a test method and device for nitrogen and phosphorus migration and conversion in dry farmland. The device comprises a joint, a drainage pipe, a buffer sampling device, a sampledevice, at least one soil solution sampling device and a control system. The joint and the drainage pipe are used for runoff lead-out and runoff flow statistics. The buffer sampling device is used totake out water quality samples. The number of the soil solution sampling device can be set by a user and is sent into a specified soil location to extract a soil solution. The sample device is used to store sample vials in the whole test cycle as a whole. The device can be used in a variety of environments such as laboratories, wild original land and test plots to achieve long-term and multi-point automatic sampling monitoring at the same time to replace manual sampling of testers. The device can collect multiple types of data in one time of irrigation and precipitation, and then modeling iscarried out to acquire the nitrogen and phosphorus migration and transformation rule.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention relates to the technical field of ecological environment, in particular to a test method and device for the migration and conversion of nitrogen and phosphorus in dry farmland. Background technique [0002] With the rapid development of agriculture in my country, the amount of chemical fertilizers used in farmland is high. The surface runoff and underground migration through rainfall have caused a large amount of farmland nutrient loss, resulting in eutrophication and serious pollution of water bodies. Numerous studies have shown that agricultural non-point source pollution has become an important factor of water eutrophication. From a global perspective, 30%-50% of the earth's surface has been affected by non-point source pollution. In the United States, the non-point source pollution has accounted for 2 / 3 of the total pollution, and the contribution of agricultural activities to the non-point source pollution is about 75%. Among the p...

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Problems solved by technology

Nitrate nitrogen is the main form of nitrogen absorbed and utilized by plants. However, because nitrate nitrogen is not easily absorbed by the soil and has a strong migration ability, if excessive nitrogen fertilizer is applied, the risk of leaching to the deep layer will increase, which will have a negative impact on groundwater and Environmental pollution poses a potential threat to human health; with the continuous increase in the application of chemical fertilizers and organic fertilizers, the input of phosphorus in the agricultural system is greater than the output, and the significance of soil phosphorus has exceeded the agricultural significance, and its environmental significance has also become more important. Especially in areas where planting and aquaculture are relatively developed, due to the long-term excessive application of phosphorus fertilizers and organic phosphorus fertilizers, the top layer of farmland soil is in a phosphorus-rich state, and soil phosphorus accelerates to the soil through surface runoff, soil erosion, leaching, etc. Phosphorus eutrophication in receiving waters

[0004] At present, due to the particularity and complexity of the field environment, there are obvious restrictions on the observation and experiment of nitrogen and phosphorus migration. The common experimental methods are still the simulated soil column method and the method of establishing test plots. Idealization can only draw basic experimental conclusions, and it is difficult to use it to specifically guide the actual situation in a certain area; in the experiment of the experimental plot, the span is long and the environment is difficult, and the experimenters need to collect and save the data in real time, which consumes a lot of resources. Manpower and material resources, and the cost of large-scale automated monitoring stations is too high, and it is not suitable for mobile

Chinese invention CN 201310705855.X discloses a system and method for measuring nitrogen and phosphorus migration flux in soil midflow, which measures the runoff depth per unit area and nitrogen and phosphorus concentration data of the collected soil midflow; normalizes the measured runoff depth per unit area Normalized treatment, and convert the runoff depth per unit area into the migration flux of soil midflow; calculate the nitrogen and phosphorus migration flux of soil midflow according to the initial value of the calculation condition parameters, the depth of runoff per unit area of ​​soil midflow, and the nitrogen and phosphorus concentration data , and carry out cyclic calculation processing, the present invention fundamentally solves the problems that the existing method has few automatic measurement functions, cannot realize the continuous measurement of the flow rate in the soil and continuous observation along any slope, and can obtain the measurement results quickly and accurately in real time, which is suitable for both It is suitable for indoor measurement and field measurement, and is not limited by terrain, so it has a wide range of promotion and application value; however, although illegal hits mention that nitrogen and phosphorus content can be automatically cycled, due to the different forms of nitrogen and phosphorus, it can only be realized The measurement of a single form, and only one test terminal, cannot realize multi-point monitoring of the same process, and cannot effectively carry out long-term, multi-point detection

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