Novel composite material
A composite material and composite powder technology, which is applied in hybrid capacitor electrodes, negative electrodes, electrode manufacturing, etc., can solve problems such as shortening the service life of lithium-ion batteries, poor electrode compactability, and poor handling safety
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Embodiment approach 1
[0157] Embodiment 1 (comparative example, prior art):
[0158] For steps i)-iii) of the general procedure, 0.23 kg of nanosilicon (average particle size d50 of about 100-200 nm, Metal contaminants <3 wt%, non-metallic contaminants 5-15 wt%, available from e.g. Alfa Aesar or Sigma-Aldrich) well dispersed in 1.0 kg THF (for synthesis, stabilization, available from e.g. VWR) , the dispersion in an oil bath is heated to about 50° C., followed by a total of 1.0 kg of bitumen granules, powders or pellets (commercially available from e.g. Deza, Koppers, Rütgers, Bilbaina de Alquitranes) with a softening temperature of about 60-120° C. Add little by little to the heated dispersion. During this procedure, the mixture was stirred vigorously for about 1 hour using a dissolution stirrer (commercially available from eg IKA) to depolymerize as much as possible of the nano-silicon until the nano-silicon was uniformly dispersed in the bitumen-solvent mixture. For some batches, propeller or ...
Embodiment approach 2
[0179] Similar to embodiment 1, but with a more rapid heat treatment in step v). To this end, steps i) to iv) and vi) are carried out in Embodiment 2 in the same manner as in Embodiment 1. However, in embodiment 2, the heat treatment of step v) is performed within 3-12 hours. For this purpose, the raw meal mixture is heated to a final temperature of 800-1000° C. in a container in a chamber kiln with a thermal post-combustion system for the combustion of the resulting exhaust gases in a nitrogen atmosphere in about 3-12 hours, followed by Optionally hold for an additional 1-3 hours at final temperature. Due to the faster heating to the final temperature, a large amount of pyrolysis gases can be released in a shorter time, for which the kiln and its thermal afterburning system are designed. Plus, there's a greater risk of overfoaming, which is why it's important to use a large enough container. Afterwards, the kiln heating is turned off, allowing it to cool passively. During...
Embodiment approach 3
[0184] Compared to embodiment 1, in step iii) of the general procedure in embodiment 3a, a powdered additive that is insoluble in the carbon precursor is additionally added and mixed into the raw meal mixture so that the additive ends up like nano-silicon Uniformly present in the raw meal mixture.
[0185] For embodiment 3a, in steps i) to iii) of the general procedure, 0.23 kg of nanosilicon (average particle size d50 100-200nm, metal contaminants <3% by weight, non-metallic contaminants 5-15% by weight, available from e.g. Alfa Aesar or Sigma-Aldrich) well dispersed in 1.2kg THF (for synthesis, stabilization, available Available from, for example, VWR), the dispersion in an oil bath is heated to about 50°C, followed by a total of 0.8 kg of bitumen granules, powders or pellets with a softening temperature of about 60-120°C (available from, for example, Deza, Koppers, Rütgers, Bilbaina de Alquitranes) and 0.1 kg of graphite powder with a particle size d50 of 3-6 μm (commercia...
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