A kind of fixed bed hydrogenation reactor and heavy oil liquid phase hydrogenation process

Abstract

The invention discloses a fixed-bed hydrogenation reactor and a heavy oil liquid-phase hydrogenation process. The hydrogenation reactor comprises an outer cylinder and an inner cylinder of the reactor, an annular area is formed between the outer cylinder and the inner cylinder, and the transverse direction of the inner cylinder is The cross-sectional area gradually increases from top to bottom, the inner cylinder wall is evenly opened and connected to the annular area, the top opening of the inner cylinder is flush with the bottom of the upper head of the reactor, and the bottom of the inner cylinder is tightly connected with the lower head of the reactor; A shell-and-tube ceramic membrane tube assembly is arranged at the bottom, the hydrogen supplementation pipeline is communicated with the ceramic membrane tube, and the liquid-phase feed pipeline is communicated with the inner cavity of the shell outside the ceramic membrane tube; the inner tube and the annular area are alternately arranged with baffles at different heights; The cylinder is filled with hydrogenation catalyst I, the annular region is filled with hydrogenation catalyst II, and the activity of hydrogenation catalyst I is higher than that of hydrogenation catalyst II. The method of the invention firstly performs viscosity reduction treatment on the heavy oil raw material, and then makes the material undergo hydrogenation reaction with different active catalysts alternately in the inner cylinder and the annular area along the flow channel arranged in the reactor, that is, the high activity and temperature rise in the early stage of the reaction can be controlled. It is a big problem, ensuring a high conversion rate in the middle of the reaction, reducing the deep cracking reaction in the high-temperature stage in the later stage of the reaction, and improving the liquid yield.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention belongs to the field of petrochemical industry, and in particular relates to a fixed bed hydrogenation reactor and a heavy oil liquid phase hydrogenation process. Background technique [0002] Heavy oil hydrogenation reaction process and reactor are divided into various types, such as fixed bed hydrogenation process and reactor, suspended bed hydrogenation process and reactor, ebullated bed hydrogenation process and reactor, etc. Among them, fixed bed hydrogenation reaction It is the most widely used and can be used in various types of heavy oil hydrogenation processes. [0003] Compared with the gas / liquid / solid three-phase hydrogenation process, the heavy oil liquid phase hydrogenation process has many advantages such as fast hydrogenation reaction rate, high reaction efficiency, high catalyst utilization rate, low energy consumption, and low investment. However, the heavy oil liquid-phase hydrogenation reaction process has the followi...

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Problems solved by technology

[0005] Aiming at the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a fixed-bed hydrogenation reactor and a heavy oil liquid-phase hydrogenation process. Through the present invention, by controlling the reaction material to alternately undergo hydrogenation reactions with different active catalysts along the flow channel in the reactor, Solve the problems of high activity and large temperature rise in the early stage of the reaction in the process of heavy oil liquid phase hydrogenation, ensure a high conversion rate in the middle stage of the reaction, reduce the deep cracking reaction in the high temperature stage of the late reaction, and increase the liquid yield

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