An integrated method of ion adsorption type rare earth ore mining and environmental treatment

Abstract

The invention discloses an integrated method for ion adsorption type rare earth ore mining and environmental treatment. , in the groundwater catchment area, a liquid pumping hole for extracting rare earth leaching liquid is arranged; bottom-up rare earth mining process: the liquid injection hole penetrates the ore body, and the middle and lower parts of the rare earth ore body are first leached, and then the ore body is leached. Upper part; mining area leaching process: inject the leaching liquid through the liquid injection hole, circulate the leaching agent remaining in the groundwater, and recover low-grade rare earth; monitoring process: after the leaching process is completed, part of the liquid pumping holes are reserved for conversion It is a long-term monitoring hole for environmental monitoring, and conducts long-term monitoring of the local environment. The invention integrates rare earth ore mining and ecological environment treatment into a unified process system, can simultaneously complete the two links of mining and environmental treatment, and avoids the phenomenon of "pollution first and treatment later".

Description

technical field [0001] The invention relates to the fields of mining, mine geological environment treatment and mine ecological restoration, in particular to an integrated method of ion adsorption type rare earth mining and environmental treatment. Background technique [0002] Rare earths are widely used in aerospace, military, national defense, and new material synthesis and other high-tech fields, and the resources are relatively scarce, known as the industrial "vitamin". More than 90% of the heavy rare earths used in the world's industrial applications come from ion adsorption rare earth ores, which are important strategic performance mineral resources in my country. Southern ion adsorption rare earth minerals are unique minerals in my country. [0003] At present, the most widely used mining process for ion-adsorbed rare earth ores is the in-situ leaching process with ammonium sulfate-based leaching agent, which is likely to cause serious damage to surface vegetation, s...

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Problems solved by technology

[0003] At present, the widely used mining technology for ion-adsorption rare earth mines is in-situ leaching with ammonium sulfate-based leaching agent, which can easily cause serious damage to surface vegetation, soil erosion, soil pollution, landslides, and channel blockage. As well as sudden environmental pollution incidents and other issues, the situation of "pollution first and then governance" has been formed, which not only seriously affects the life and health of the public and the local ecological environment, but also causes a huge financial burden on the local government

[0004] At present, the environmental pollution problems existing in the rare earth in-situ leaching process include: (1) Leakage of rare earth leaching solution: Under the action of natural seepage, the flow direction and groundwater level of the rare earth leaching solution cannot be controlled. Leakage pollutes the growth layer of plants, and even seeps out of the ground to pollute surface plants, surface water, and soil; (2) The rare earth leaching cycle is long: the flow rate of the leachate is low, and the soaking time is usually three months or even more than half a year, and the soil is saturated for a long time state, the water content is greatly increased, and the shear strength of the soil ( C value) is greatly reduced, and it is easy to form mountain collapses, landslides, and damage vegetation, thereby causing soil erosion, polluting surface water and farmland; (3) There are many blind areas in mining: rare earth ore bodies under gentle terrain are difficult to leach through natural seepage Extracting rare earths has a low recovery rate, resulting in a waste of resources; (4) Environmental governance is difficult and costly: due to the separation of mining and environmental governance processes, the leaching of rare earths causes environmental pollution at the same time, which virtually increases the difficulty and cost of environmental governance , and the success rate of governance is not high

[0005] Moreover, in the in-situ leaching method to extract rare earths, the mine only bears the cost of the mining process. According to the principle of "whoever mines, who governs", the cost of environmental governance should be borne by the mine. However, due to the huge follow-up governance costs, the mine is not profitable. map, leading to difficulties in advancing the follow-up governance work

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