338 results about "Biological waste" patented technology

Conversion of waste and other organic feedstock into sustainable energy, feed, fertilizer, and other useful products of reliable purities is accomplished using water, heat, and pressure. More specifically, the invention provides methods and apparatus that handle mixed streams of various feedstocks, e.g. agricultural waste, biological waste, municipal solid waste, municipal sewage sludge, and shredder residue, to yield gas, oil, specialty chemicals, and carbon solids that can be used as is or are further processed. Useful products can be diverted at various points of the process or internalized to enhance the efficiency of the system.

A tube assembly, system and method for biological waste containment for sample collection, and for ultrafiltration collection. In one embodiment, the tube assembly of the present invention includes a first tube, a second tube, a mechanism for securing the first and second tubes, and at least one container for operable connection to one or both of the first and second tubes. The securing mechanism orients the first ends of the first and second tubes in a manner such that the first end of the first tube extends beyond the first end of the second tube an interstitial space is created between the outer diameter of the first tube and the inner diameter of the second tube. The tubing mechanism is utilized for retrieval of a biological fluid through the first tube, flushing the first tube and the second tube with a rinse solution, and extraction of waste through the second tube into a waste container. The tubing mechanism is also utilized for retrieval of collection samples with the addition of a vacuum source and sealed manifold.

This invention is to use knowledge pattern learning and search system for selecting microorganisms to produce useful materials and to generate clean energy from wastes, wastewaters, biomass or from other inexpensive sources. The method starts with an in silico screening platform which involves multiple steps. First, the organisms' profiles are compiled by linking the massive genetic and chemical fingerprints in the metabolic and energy-generating biological pathways (e.g. codon usages, gene distributions in function categories, etc.) to the organisms' biological behaviors. Second, a machine learning and pattern recognition system is used to group the organism population into characteristic groups based on the profiles. Lastly, one or a group of microorganisms are selected based on profile match scores calculated from a defined metabolic efficiency measure, which, in term, is a prediction of a desired capability in real life based on an organism's profile. In the example of recovering clean energy from treating wastewaters from food process industries, domestic or municipal wastes, animal or meat-packing wastes, microorganisms' metabolic capabilities to digest organic matter and generate clean energy are assessed using the invention, and the most effective organisms in terms of waste reduction and energy generation are selected based on the content of a biowaste input and a desired clean energy output. By selecting a microorganism or consortia of multiply microorganisms using this method, one can clean the water and also directly generate electricity from Microbial Fuel Cells (MFC), or hydrogen, methane or other biogases from microorganism fermentation. In addition, using similar screening method, clean hydrogen can be recovered first from an anaerobic fermentation process accompanying the wastewater treatment, and the end products from the fermentation process can be fed into a Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) process to generate clean electricity and at the same time treat the wastewater. The invention can be used to first select the hydrogenic microorganisms to efficiently generate hydrogen and to select electrogenic organisms to convert the wastes into electricity. This method can be used for converting wastes to one or more forms of renewable energies.

The invention provides a method for preparing a high-specific-surface-area porous graphitic nanocarbon plate with coconut shells serving as raw materials, and relates to a preparation method of a graphitic nanocarbon material, and the method is used for solving the problems of conventional preparation method of the graphitic nanocarbon material that the production cost is high, the process is complex, the safety is poor, the output is low, the industrialization is hard to realize, and the prepared graphitic nanocarbon material is low in specific surface area and poor in graphitic degree. The preparation method comprises the following steps: 1, preprocessing the raw materials; 2, coordinating the raw materials with catalysts and activating agents; 3, curing the coordination compound; 4, thermally treating under an inert gas condition; and 5, carrying out acid leaching, washing by distilled water, and drying, so as to obtain the high-specific-surface-area porous graphitic nanocarbon plate. The porous graphitic nanocarbon plate prepared by the method provided by the invention is high in specific surface area, high in graphitic degree and excellent in electrochemical performance; the method is simple, low in energy consumption, high in safety, and suitable for industrial production; and a scientific way is provided for realizing the resource utilization of biological wastes like the coconut shells.

A system for analyzing biological waste in an undergarment includes a mannequin with a simulated skin surface. An evacuation port is formed in the mannequin for eliminating a simulated human excretory product from the mannequin. A plurality of sensors is located about the evacuation port to sense the excretory product as it is eliminated through the evacuation port into an undergarment placed on the mannequin. A computer in communication with the sensors converts the sensed excretory product into a dispersion pattern for analysis.

Conversion of renewable hydrocarbons to transportation fuels is required to reduce carbon emission, limit the use of fossil fuels, and develop renewable energy sources. Sorbitol, xylitol and trehelose are polyalcohols generated from the liquefaction of various sugars and carbohydrates in biomass from algae, corn, sugarcane, switchgrasses, and biological wastes. Mixtures of aqueous polyols and fuel feedstocks are catalyzed over metal catalysts to produce hexanes, pentanes, and lighter hydrocarbons. By managing the catalyst, reaction conditions and sulfur content, the octane value of the product fuel is dramatically increased.

The invention belongs to resource utilization of biomass, and in particular relates to a method for producing biochar from invasive plants and greening garbage. The utilized raw materials are biological waste organic matters including Spartina alterniflora, fallen leaves, branches and trunks. The method comprises the steps of removing roots of Spartina alterniflora, pulverizing after cleaning and drying Spartina alterniflora with the greening garbage; mixing the obtained biomass powder by a certain mass ratio to obtain mixed powder, performing pyrolysis under nitrogen protection at 300-600 DEG C for 1-4h, cooling to room temperature, grinding and sieving; washing the carbonized product with HCl/HF at a volume ratio of 1:1, then washing to a neutral pH with distilled water, and drying to obtain the noval biochar product. By using Spartina alterniflora and the greening garbage with a high carbon content as the raw materials, the preparation method overcomes the disadvantages of seasonality and periodicity of the raw materials and is simple and easy in implementation and low in cost, and the prepared product has good adsorbability and wide applications, realizes the resource utilization of the invasive plants and the greening garbage and achieves favorable ecological, social and economic benefits.

The invention relates to a method for repairing heavy metal contaminated soil in situ by adopting multifunctional biological charcoal. According to the technical scheme, the multifunctional biological charcoal is prepared from biological waste such as straws and sawdust, the surface of the multifunctional biological charcoal is provided with multiple surface functional groups and rich enterable micropores, the heavy metal contaminated soil of which the relative humidity is 60-90% is turned over and mixed with the multifunctional biological charcoal of which the granularity is 0.074-0.178mm, the turnover mixing depth is 5-30cm, and the soil can be repaired after being aged for 20-30 days. The mass ratio of the multifunctional biological charcoal to the heavy metal contaminated soil is (0.1-5) to 100. The multifunctional biological charcoal serving as a soil additive in the in-situ repairing process can effectively fix heavy metals in the soil, improve the ecological environment, supplement organic charcoal, protect the soil health, reduce the toxicity of the contaminated soil and restore the productivity of the soil; and the method is also applicable to engineering repairing of water bodies and solid matrixes.

The invention relates to an active carbon material, and particularly relates to a method for preparing food hygiene-level active carbon by use of biological waste resource bagasse. The method comprises the steps of collecting and cleaning the residual bagasse after sugar production; sufficiently fermenting at 10-50 DEG C, drying, grinding and sieving; then performing the operation treatment such as soaking in an active agent solution, charring, activation and the like on the pretreated bagasse; washing, drying and grinding to obtain a high-performance active carbon product which can be applied to decoloration, refining and impurity removal of the sugar industry and the fields of foods and medicines such as medicinal crude drugs and the like. According to the method provided by the invention, by adopting the waste bagasse as a raw material, the comprehensive utilization of resources and environmental protection are facilitated; moreover, the price is low, the product quality is high, and the economic and social benefits are good.

The invention relates to a circular agriculture system and an implementation method thereof. According to a characteristic that different biological wastes can be highly efficiently cycled by various insects and small animals, an insect breeding factory is constructed; and insect and small animal proteasome and insect feces residue organic fertilizer are respectively utilized as an animal factory protein feed and a plant factory organic fertilizer. Therefore, carious animal and plant products with high added values can be produced with high yields. With modern advanced agricultural technologies and equipment, stereo cultivation is usually carried out with rare species, such that a unit yield of the types of factories reaches more than a hundred times that of conventional agriculture. With the products from the three types of factories, a wide variety of series downstream industry chain group can be developed, such that best economic benefit can be ensured. The three types of factories, downstream industry chain spaces and farmer residential spaces can be arranged in a rise building. The buildings can form a highly clustered production, management, residence, agriculture, industry and business integral community. With farmland novel industry and landscape designs outside the buildings, a novel intensive town is formed.

The present invention relates to a method for the production of stable humus- and nutrient-rich and water-storing soil substrates with properties of anthropogenic soil types (Terra Preta) in which pyrogenic carbon, organic biomass, and/or natural mineral materials are used as initial materials in a fermentation process. The soil produced or treated according to the invention leads to a sustainably high soil yield such that mineral fertilizers are no longer needed for agricultural use. Moreover, the soil is suitable for use as a soil substitute, for use as a soil supplement, for greening developments, for preventing erosion, for improving regional water supplies, for preventing floods, for preventing climate change, for reducing carbon dioxide content in the atmosphere, for waste water cleaning and treatment, for exhaust air cleaning and building air purification, for creating material flow cycles from biogenic waste and/or waste water in order to develop and utilize land use and development systems.

The invention relates to the technical field of decorative building materials, in particular to a method for preparing a high-density fibre panel. The method for preparing the fibre panel comprises the following steps of: preparing biological wastes containing fibers into uniform fibers; weighing 78 to 89 percent of phenolic resin and 11 to 22 percent of aid in a weight ratio, mixing uniformly, and heating to the temperature of 70 DEG C to prepare an adhesive; drying the fibers, adding the prepared adhesive gradually in a spraying mode, and mixing uniformly with the fibers; paving the fibers subjected to sizing, prepressing and performing hot-pressing to prepare a semi-finished product; and adding decorative adhesive film paper on the semi-finished product, performing the hot-pressing by a hot press, and forming to prepare the high-density fibre panel. The prepared fibre panel is a high-density decorative material panel with the density of over 1.45g/cm<3>, has the characteristics of abrasion resistance, boiling water resistance, fire prevention, ultraviolet ray resistance and the like, and is not deformed and discolored indoors and outdoors within 15 years.

The present invention is method of inhibiting membrane contamination in membrane bioreactor, and belongs to the field of biological waste water treating technology. In traditional membrane bioreactor, aerobic granular sludge is cultured or inoculated to increase sludge grain size or change sludge form, so as to inhibit membrane contamination. By using simulated domestic sewage as the incoming water of membrane bioreactor and aerobic flocculent sludge or aerobic granular sludge as inoculated sludge, the present invention alters the running environment condition of traditional membrane bioreactor to change the sludge grain size and form in membrane bioreactor, maintain the physical and chemical characteristics of inoculated aerobic granular sludge, and reduce or eliminate the adverse effect of the membrane contamination. The present invention is simple and efficient, and may be used in engineering.

The invention relates to a biological waste resource-treating cycle technique, which is characterized in that: it comprises source classifying, breaking, preparing porous biological waste brick, constant high temperature anaerobic fermentation, collecting methane and generating electricity, treating smoke, cleaning organic humus, sterilizing and drying. Said invention dewaters the biological waste to prepare porous biological waste brick to be fed into cycle high temperature anaerobic reactor; and use solar energy and the methane generated by biological waste to supply needed heat energy and electricity. The invention can transform the biological waste into methane and non-pollution humus, to significantly reduce filter liquid and the toxic component of filter solution to realize internal energy supply and transform the one-time waste embedding factory into cycled high-temperature anaerobic reactor, to save land consumption.

The invention discloses a preparation method of hollow carbon bowl powder, and belongs to the technical field of preparation of inorganic materials. According to the method, a direct biological raw material or waste is adopted as a carbon source, a soft template is used as a template, and the hollow carbon bowl powder material with high dispersity, controllable particle size distribution and size,an inner hollow structure, morphology of a concave bowl-shaped structure, controllable wall thickness of the carbon bowl, and the like is prepared. The preparation method comprises the following steps: taking the carbon source, deionized water and the soft template agent as raw materials, respectively dissolving the carbon source and two surfactants in the deionized water to form three solutions,then mixing the three solutions according to a certain ratio, uniformly carrying out stirring to obtain a mixed solution, putting the mixed solution into a hydrothermal reaction kettle, and carryingout heating for a reaction to obtain a product. The method has the advantage that the direct biological raw material or biological waste is used as the carbon source, and aims to provide the novel utilization mode of biological wastes, so that emission of wastes is reduced, the wastes are converted into the functional carbon material, the process is simple, and the preparing and removing processesof a template in a hard template method is omitted.

The invention discloses an oil-water separating device for biological waste recycling. The oil-water separating device comprises a box body, wherein a filtering plate is arranged in the box body; a transmission module for driving the filtering plate to vibrate is arranged on the box body; the transmission module comprises a first clamp slot formed in the inner wall of the top of the box body; thetop side of the filtering plate is glidingly mounted in the first clamp slot; a through hole is formed in the inner wall of one side of the first clamp slot, away from the opening; a mandril is glidingly mounted in the through hole; the two ends of the mandril both extend out of the through hole; one end of the mandril in the first clamp slot is fixed at the top of the filtering plate; a strip fixing block positioned above the box body is fixed at one end of the mandril, away from the filtering plate. According to the oil-water separating device disclosed by the invention, through the filtering plate, impurities can be prevented from blocking an oil outlet pipe or a water outlet pipe, so as to ensure that an oil-water mixture can be normally separated; meanwhile, with vibration of the filtering plate in the box body, the filtering plate can be protected from blockage, and the oil-water layering can be accelerated so as to improve the oil-water separation efficiency.

The invention relates to a novel biological fuel, (in particular to a compressed fuel rod), which is prepared by the following steps: collecting chaff, sawdust, branches, straw, peanut shell, tobaccostems, dregs, rice straw and all the other combustible biological waste; carrying out grinding (the husk and the sawdust can be compressed directly); drying; screening; and compression forming (the shape and length thereof are adjustable for requirements). The compressed fuel rod is directly applicable to boilers, power generation and heating as well as the production of environment-friendly charcoal, and has the advantages of long combustion period, high calorific value (reaching 3,800 kilocalories) and low use cost, and the compressed fuel rod is renewable and pollution-free after being treated.

The invention provides a preparation method of biomass hard carbon for a sodium ion battery negative electrode material. The preparation method comprises the following steps: providing a raw materiallongan shell, soaking in hot water and an acidic solution, and drying to obtain a precursor; introducing a protective gas, preheating the precursor, cooling, and grinding to obtain an intermediate product; and carbonizing the intermediate product, and cooling to obtain the biomass hard carbon. The biological waste dragon's eye is used as the raw material so that the method is environment-friendlyand low in cost; carbonization treatment is adopted so that the obtained biomass hard carbon forms a partially graphitized carbon structure, sodium ion storage is facilitated, the specific capacity isimproved, excellent low-temperature performance is achieved, and meanwhile, the preparation method of the biomass hard carbon for the negative electrode material of the sodium-ion battery is simple and convenient.

The invention belongs to the technical field of carbon materials, and discloses a high-specific-surface-area carbon material based on waste tobacco stems, and a preparation method and an application thereof. The preparation method comprises the following steps: pretreating, carbonizing and activating tobacco stems to obtain tobacco stem activated carbon, namely the high-specific-surface-area carbon material, wherein an activator used in the activation is KOH. The high-specific-surface-area carbon material is applied to an electrode material and sewage treatment. The electrode material is prepared by the following steps: uniformly mixing tobacco stem activated carbon and thiourea in water, and drying to obtain a mixture; and carrying out heat preservation on the mixture in a protective atmosphere at 700-900 DEG C for 1-3 h, and carrying out subsequent treatment. The tobacco stem biological waste is utilized, so that the consumption of the activator is reduced, and the carbon material with excellent performances can be obtained. The carbon material is high in specific surface area and high in removal rate of pollutants in sewage; and the obtained electrode material has high conductivity and high capacitance.

The apparatus for reducing biological wasted sludge includes a sludge hydrolysis reactor, a sludge neutralization reactor and a membrane bioreactor (MBR). The method of the present invention includes subjecting a biological wasted sludge to hydrolysis and neutralization treatments to offer an intermediate feed suitable to be treated in the MBR. The hydrolyzed sludge and microorganisms are retained in the MBR, so that a further hydrolysis of sludge and decomposition of organics undergo to achieve the objectives of stabilization of sludge and reduction of sludge. Thanks to the filtration membrane of the MBR, specific microorganisms can be acclimated and accumulated in the MBR to decompose substrates in the sludge which are difficult to be decomposed, and an effluent of expected water quality can be meet.