The invention discloses a preparation method of hollow carbon bowl powder, and belongs to the technical field of preparation of inorganic materials. According to the method, a direct biological raw material or waste is adopted as a carbon source, a soft template is used as a template, and the hollow carbon bowl powder material with high dispersity, controllable particle size distribution and size,an inner hollow structure, morphology of a concave bowl-shaped structure, controllable wall thickness of the carbon bowl, and the like is prepared. The preparation method comprises the following steps: taking the carbon source, deionized water and the soft template agent as raw materials, respectively dissolving the carbon source and two surfactants in the deionized water to form three solutions,then mixing the three solutions according to a certain ratio, uniformly carrying out stirring to obtain a mixed solution, putting the mixed solution into a hydrothermal reaction kettle, and carryingout heating for a reaction to obtain a product. The method has the advantage that the direct biological raw material or biological waste is used as the carbon source, and aims to provide the novel utilization mode of biological wastes, so that emission of wastes is reduced, the wastes are converted into the functional carbon material, the process is simple, and the preparing and removing processesof a template in a hard template method is omitted.