The invention discloses an antibacterial protective environment-friendly composite polymer material and a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the composite polymer material comprises the following components by weight: 20 parts to 30 parts of benzyl quaternary ammonium salt, 50 parts to 75 parts of a biocompatible high-molecular polymer, 15 parts to 30 parts of modified nano metaloxide, 10 parts to 20 parts of nano metal particles, 30 parts to 40 parts of modified fiber, 25 parts to 45 parts of trisilanol ethyl ester silsesquioxane, 5 parts to 10 parts of a silane coupling agent, 3 parts to 5 parts of ammonium persulfate, 3 parts to 5 parts of dimethyl carbonate, 8 parts to 15 parts of 3-mercaptopropyl trimethoxy silane, and 2 parts to 3 parts of allyl glycidyl ether. Thematerial is capable of blocking and self-cleaning apatter or air with viruses, bacteria or microorganisms, is antibacterial, capable of killing viruses, capable of being repeatedly used, good in shrinkage resistance, high in elastic property and easy to degrade, and can be used for manufacturing window cloth, air conditioners, air purifiers, screen windows, clothes, trousers and masks.