Variable mirror, optical apparatus and decentered optical system which include variable mirror, variable-optical characteristic optical element or combination thereof
a mirror and optical apparatus technology, applied in the field of variable mirrors, can solve the problems of unfavorable large aberrations, difficult to achieve, and the image-forming performance of plastic lenses generally degrades with temperature changes, and achieves the effect of being easily formed
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first embodiment
[0334]FIG. 22 is a view showing a first embodiment of an optical apparatus according to this invention. In the figure: 201 and 202 denote lenses made of a synthetic resin, which are held by a lens frame 203; 204 denotes a prism made of a synthetic resin; 205 denotes a mirror; 206 denotes a lens made of a synthetic resin, which is held by a lens frame 207; 208 denotes a solid-state image pickup device held by the lens frame 207; 209 denotes a variable-optical-characteristic mirror (hereinafter referred to as simply “variable mirror”) comprising an aluminum-coated thin film (reflecting surface) 209a and a plurality of electrodes 209b; 210 denotes a substrate; 211 denotes a plurality of variable resistors connected to the electrodes 209b, respectively; 212 denotes a power source connected between the thin film 209a and the electrodes 209b through the variable resistors 211 and a power switch 213; 214 denotes a computing unit for controlling the resistance values of the variable resisto...
second embodiment
[0343]FIG. 23 is a view showing a second embodiment of the optical apparatus according to this invention. In the figure, members that are substantially the same as the members shown in the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference symbols. In this embodiment, on a single silicon substrate 218, a reflecting surface 209a and a micro-shutter 219 produced by a micromachine technique to operate on electrostatic force, together with an image pickup device 208, etc., are fabricated by a lithography process. By combining together the silicon substrate 218 and an extended curved surface prism 220 produced by molding, an image pickup unit for a small-sized digital camera is completed as an optical apparatus. It should be noted that the micro-shutter 219 can serve also as a stop. The extended curved surface prism 220 can be produced at low cost by plastic molding. It is preferable to form the extended curved surface prism 220 from an energy-curing resin because it exhibits higher dura...
third embodiment
[0356]FIG. 39 is a view showing a third embodiment of the optical apparatus according to this invention. In the figure, members that are substantially the same as those used in the first and second embodiments are denoted by the same reference symbols, and a description thereof is omitted. This embodiment differs from the already-described embodiments in that light from an object is led to the solid-state image pickup device 208 through a prism 230 by using a liquid crystal variable mirror 231 having a liquid crystal variable-focus lens placed in front of a mirror. The liquid crystal variable mirror 231 is formed by filling a twisted nematic liquid crystal material 231d between a transparent electrode 231a and a split electrode 231c formed on the surface of a curved substrate 231b by coating to serve also as a mirror. The helical pitch P of the twisted nematic liquid crystal material 231d satisfies
P<5λ (1)
[0357] where λ is the wavelength of light, which is equal to about 380 nm t...
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Abstract
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