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Electrode materials for magnesium batteries

a technology of electrode materials and magnesium batteries, which is applied in the direction of vanadium compounds, cell components, nickel compounds, etc., can solve the problems of failure to commercialize mg batteries, lack of suitable electrode materials, and low barrier to the diffusion of mg, so as to facilitate useful reaction voltage and capacity, and maintain the stability of the host structur

Inactive Publication Date: 2012-08-30
PELLION TECH
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  • Summary
  • Abstract
  • Description
  • Claims
  • Application Information

AI Technical Summary

Benefits of technology

[0004]Though the advantages to rechargeable Magnesium batteries are commonly known there has been no previous commercialization of this type of battery. The failure to commercialize Mg batteries is, at least in part, due to one central technical obstacle to enabling rechargeable Mg batteries, i.e., the lack of suitable electrode materials capable of allowing r

Problems solved by technology

Though the advantages to rechargeable Magnesium batteries are commonly known there has been no previous commercialization of this type of battery.
The failure to commercialize Mg batteries is, at least in part, due to one central technical obstacle to enabling rechargeable Mg batteries, i.e., the lack of suitable electrode materials capable of allowing reversible Mg insertion and removal at an appreciable rate of discharge and charge.

Method used

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  • Electrode materials for magnesium batteries
  • Electrode materials for magnesium batteries
  • Electrode materials for magnesium batteries

Examples

Experimental program
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Effect test

example 1

Tables 1 and 2 of Ab Initio Results for Target Materials

[0176]Tables 1 and 2 summarize the composition, structure, and calculated properties for a number of magnesium containing compounds. The compounds exhibit the structure and composition necessary to provide reasonable reaction voltage and Magnesium mobility as computed using a density functional theory framework using the Generalized Gradient Approximation (GGA) with or without a Hubbard correction term (GGA+U), depending on the chemistry involved. The mobility barriers provided in Tables 1 and 2 refer to the minimum activation barrier for an Mg2+ ion to traverse the entire compound unit cell. An activation barrier is defined as the difference in energy between two distinct Mg crystallographic sites and is computed by elastic band calculations. A detailed description of the method and its accuracy can be found in [G. Mills, H. Jonsson, and G. K. Schenter, Surf. Sci. 324, 305, 1995.]. Materials with barriers bXy in the de-magged ...

example 2

Description of Spinel Synthesis

Example 2a

Co-Precipitation Method of MgMn2O4 and MgNiMnO4

[0179]This example demonstrates the synthesis of a high mobility compound with a low diffusive path for magnesium, a new synthetic method was developed which involved a co-precipitation of hydroxide salts, followed by a low temperature calcination process according to the following reactions.

MgSO4(aq)+2MnSO4(aq)+(excess)NaOH(aq)→Mg(OH)2(s)+Mn(OH)2(s)+Na2SO4(aq)(25° C.)  [5]

Mg(OH)2(s)+2Mn(OH)2(s)→nano-MgMn2O4(300° C. / 8 hr)  [6]

[0180]In a typical synthesis, 2.40 g of MgSO4 and 6.75 g of MnSO4.H2O were dissolved in 100 ml of HPLC water at room temperature in a≦500 ml Erlenmeyer flask. Subsequently, 200 ml of a 1M NaOH solution was slowly added dropwise over 15 minutes with continual stirring at room temperature. Immediately, a brown precipitant formed with the caustic addition and thus was critical to continually stir the solution during the addition to minimize agglomeration. Stirring of the solut...

example 2b

Solid State Synthesis of ZnCr2S4

[0182]Spinels of other chemical classes have also been prepared for materials to be used in Mg electrode active materials. Zinc chromium sulphide was synthesized by solid state reaction methods using stoichiometric amounts of ZnS powder (0.655 g) and Cr2S3 (1.345 g) powder according to the following reaction:

ZnS+Cr2S3→ZnCr2S4900° C. / 12 hr / Argon / tube furnace  [9]

[0183]The mix was pelletized and placed in a tube furnace with flowing argon for 12 hours. XRD analysis showed the product to be relatively phase pure ZnCr2S4 (>95%) as demonstrated in FIG. 5. For those with expertise in the art, synthesis of a variety of high mobility spinel materials can be envisioned using such techniques.

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Abstract

A compound of formula Ab′MgaMbXy or Ab′MgaMb(XOz)y for use as electrode material in a magnesium battery is disclosed, wherein A, M, X, b′, a, b, y, and z are defined herein.

Description

RELATED APPLICATIONS[0001]This application is a continuation-in-part of PCT Application No. PCT / US2011 / 37951, filed May 25, 2011, entitled “Electrode Materials for Magnesium Batteries”, which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61 / 348,068, filed May 25, 2010, which are incorporated herein by reference.FIELD OF INVENTION[0002]The subject matter generally relates to electrode materials for use in magnesium batteries.BACKGROUND[0003]There is a continually increasing demand for devices capable of storing more energy per unit volume (Wh / l) or energy per unit mass (Wh / kg) than today's premier rechargeable Li-ion batteries. One increasingly sought after route to meeting this demand is to utilize divalent magnesium (Mg2+), rather than the monovalent cation lithium (Li+) because magnesium enables nearly twice as much charge to be transferred, per weight or volume, than Li+ thus enabling high energy density. Furthermore the abundance of Mg metal and readily avai...

Claims

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Application Information

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IPC IPC(8): H01M4/64
CPCC01B25/372C01P2002/72C01B25/45Y02E60/122H01M4/131H01M4/136H01M4/485H01M4/505H01M4/525H01M4/58H01M4/5815H01M4/5825H01M10/054C01G31/00C01G37/006C01G45/1235C01G49/00C01G53/66C01P2002/20C01P2002/32C01B25/42Y02E60/10H01M4/46H01M4/62
Inventor DOE, ROBERT E.MUELLER, TIMOTHY K.CEDER, GERBRANDBARKER, JEREMYPERSSON, KRISTIN A.
Owner PELLION TECH
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