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Process for conversion of low cost and high ffa oils to biodiesel

a technology of free fatty acids and biodiesel, which is applied in the field of process for conversion of low cost and high free fatty acid (ffa) oils to biodiesel, can solve the problems of high temperature or pressure, and high temperature or pressure, and achieve the effect of low cos

Inactive Publication Date: 2012-10-11
COUNCIL OF SCI & IND RES
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  • Summary
  • Abstract
  • Description
  • Claims
  • Application Information

AI Technical Summary

Benefits of technology

[0035]The main object of the present invention is to provide a process for conversion of low cost and high FFA oils to biodiesel which obviates the drawbacks of the hitherto known prior art as detailed above.

Problems solved by technology

With alkaline catalysts, the free fatty acid and water contents in the oil or fats significantly affect the transesterification by deactivating the catalyst and interfering with the separation of fatty acid esters and glycerol and for acidic catalyst e.g. H2SO4 large quantity of alkali is used to neutralize the mineral acids and hence the disposal problems.
The major limitation associated with all these processes is that refined oils e.g. soyabean, rape seed etc. are used which are mostly edible having FFA<1%.
Another limitation associated with these processes is high temperature 200-250° C. as reported in.
Another limitation of reported process is high temperature or pressure e.g. in heterogenous solid catalyst U.S. Pat. No. 5,908,946 or use of critical phase medium reported in WO00 / 05327 / PCT / US99 / 16669.
Another limitation associated with the process is the use of H2SO4, which is corrosive and use of large quantity of alkali for neutralization creating disposal problems when such high FFA feedstocks are used as reported in Biomass and Bioenergy Vol. 31, Issue 8, 2007, page 563-568.

Method used

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Examples

Experimental program
Comparison scheme
Effect test

example-1

[0059]101.639 gms of Jatropha curcas oil having acid value 40 mgKOH / g, 16.529 gm of methanol were taken in a jacketed glass reactor with SS basket loaded with 5.128 (5%) gms of catalyst Tulsion-42 (available commercially). The reactants were heated to 60° C. with mechanical stirring. The progress of reaction was studied by determining acid value after 2 hrs interval. The acid value after 12 hrs was 3.47 mgKOH / g respectively. The esterified oil was then taken in another jacketed reactor and the oil was transesterified with 0.5% potassium hydroxide in presence of 7.2 g methanol at 65° C. the reaction was complete in one hour. The stirring was stopped and the contents were allowed to settle down, after separating glycerol and upper layer (biodiesel)methanol recovered. The upper layer of biodiesel was washed with hot water (60° C.), lot of emulsion was formed in first two washings due to formation of soaps. The conversion of biodiesel observed was 80% only.

example-2

[0060]Example 1 was repeated except that 10.02 g (10%) of catalyst Tulsion-42 was taken and acid value is 2.70 mgKOH / g after interval of 8 hrs respectively. The esterified Jatropha curcas oil was taken in second reactor and the transesterification was carried out in presence of 0.75% of potassium hydroxide with 15 g methanol at 60° C. The reaction was complete in one hour, stirring stopped. The glycerol and biodiesel layers were separated, methanol recovered, the biodiesel layer was washed with water, and there was slight emulsion formation water in first two washings in total of four washings. The biodiesel dried and acid value of biodiesel was 0.46 mg KOH / g and the conversion to biodiesel was 98%.

example-3

[0061]Example 1 was repeated except that 15.37 gms (15%) of catalyst Tulsion-42 was loaded and acid value after 8 hrs is 2.12 mg KOH / g respectively. The esterified Jatropha curcas oil was taken in second reactor and the transesterification was carried out in presence of 0.75% of potassium hydroxide with methanol (21.6 g) at 65° C. .The reaction was completed in one hour, stirring stopped. The glycerol and biodiesel layers were separated, methanol recovered, the biodiesel layer was washed with water, in first two washings there was slight emulsion formation in total of four washings, the biodiesel dried and acid value of biodiesel was 0.45 mg KOH / g and the conversion to biodiesel was observed 99%.

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PUM

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Abstract

The present invention describes a process for converting high free fatty acid containing feed stocks (FFA 20-85%) like palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD), restaurant grease, waste cooking oil, Soya deodistillate, acid oil, jatropha curcas oil, mohua oil etc. to biodiesel, which involves esterification of FFA containing oil with lower alcohols like methanol, ethanol, propanol etc. in presence of macro reticular and gel type acidic heterogenous resin as catalyst to bring down acid value in the range of 1-2 mgKOH / g followed by transesterification in presence of homogeneous basic catalyst metal oxides, hydroxides and alkoxides like sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium methoxide, potassium methoxide etc. and separation of biodiesel and glycerine.

Description

FIELD OF INVENTION[0001]The present invention relates to a process for conversion of low cost and high free fatty acid (FFA) oils to biodiesel. The present invention particularly relates to a process of converting high FFA containing feed stocks (FFA 20-85%) to biodiesel in the presence of macro reticular and gel type acidic heterogeneous resin followed by transesterification in presence of homogeneous basic catalyst and separation of biodiesel and glycerine.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION[0002]Vegetable oil or fat is generally obtained by extraction or pressing natural seeds. Vegetable oil usually contains free fatty acids, phospholipids, sterols, water, tocopherols and other impurities. While as Palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD), Soya deodistillate, acid oil, are obtained as byproducts during refining of Palm oil or soya oil. These oils are mainly low cost material containing FFA in the range of 20-85%, while as restaurant grease is the waste oil collecting in grease traps from Kitche...

Claims

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Application Information

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IPC IPC(8): C10L1/188
CPCC10L1/026Y02E50/13C11C3/003Y02E50/10
Inventor KAUL, SAVITAATRAY, NEERAJBHATNAGAR, AJAY
Owner COUNCIL OF SCI & IND RES
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