Spray Pyrolysis Synthesis of Mesoporous Positive Electrode Materials for High Energy Lithium-Ion Batteries

a positive electrode material and high-energy technology, applied in the direction of lithium compounds, cell components, nickel compounds, etc., can solve the problems of pure lifepo/sub>4/sub>suffering from a low conductivity at room temperatur

Inactive Publication Date: 2012-11-08
WASHINGTON UNIV IN SAINT LOUIS
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  • Summary
  • Abstract
  • Description
  • Claims
  • Application Information

AI Technical Summary

Problems solved by technology

Cobalt is toxic and less abundant, thus making it costly compared to Fe, Mn, and Ni.
Advantageously, spinel LiMn2O4 has a flat voltage plateau at 3 V and 4 V, however, severe capacity fading at deep discharge makes it impractical for high-energy battery applications.
LiFePO4 is considered the safest these cathode materials but pure LiFePO4 suffers from a low conductivity at room temperature, compared to LiCoO2 and LiMn2O4.
Furthermore, none of the above materials have shown a capacity higher than 200 mAhg−1 and good capacity retention.
A surface treatment involving acid etching and surface coating with phosphate is known to enhance the rate and cycle capabilities and improve the columbic efficiency of these materials but adds complexity to the synthesis processes.
The process for synthesizing the aforementioned lithium-nickel-manganese oxide includes co-precipitation of t...

Method used

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  • Spray Pyrolysis Synthesis of Mesoporous Positive Electrode Materials for High Energy Lithium-Ion Batteries
  • Spray Pyrolysis Synthesis of Mesoporous Positive Electrode Materials for High Energy Lithium-Ion Batteries
  • Spray Pyrolysis Synthesis of Mesoporous Positive Electrode Materials for High Energy Lithium-Ion Batteries

Examples

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example 1

General Procedures

[0066]The above-described spray pyrolysis method was performed with the apparatus of FIG. 1 to produce Li-rich Li(1.2−δ)Mn0.6Ni0.2O(2−δ / 2) (0≦δ≦ 1 / 10) composite materials. The precursor solution was prepared by dissolving LiNO3, Mn(NO3)2.4H2O and Ni(NO3)2.6H2O at a ratio of (1.2−δ):0.6:0.2 in deionized water. The total molar concentrations of Mn(NO3)2.4H2O and Ni(NO3)2.6H2O were maintained at 2 M. The corresponding Li concentration was calculated based on the δ values in Li(1.2−δ)Mn0.6Ni0.2O(2−δ / 2) composites. For example, for δ=0, the composite is Li1.2Mn0.6Ni0.2O2, and the precursor solution contained 1.5 M Mn, 0.5 M Ni, and 3 M Li cations.

[0067]The precursor solutions were aerosolized with air-assisted nebulizers (or atomizer or sprayer). Specifically, a one-jet collision nebulizer from BGI Inc. was used to aerosolize the precursor solution to form fine precursor droplets in the micron-size range. The atomizing gas was air flowing at 3.3 liters per minute with t...

example 2

[0092]The above-described spray pyrolysis method was performed with a precursor solution was comprising metal nitrates dissolved in deionized water where the composition of metals nitrates in the precursor solution was prepared to yield Li1.2Mn0.53Ni0.13Co0.13O2and 2.5 M. Upon being subjecting this solution to spray pyrolysis, a layered-layered composite with the alternative formula 0.5Li2MnO3.0.5Li(Ni1 / 3Mn1 / 3Co1 / 3)O2 was to have been formed. In this example, the precursor solution was aerosolized with a SONAER ultrasonic nebulizer, which has the larger size distribution shown in FIG. 2. The preheater (dryer) temperature was 200° C. and the tube furnace wall temperature was 550° C. The air flow rate through the ultrasonic nebulizer was 6 liters per minute. The powder collected was subjected to a heat treatment of 900° C. for 2 hours.

[0093]To prepare the positive electrode, the active material (i.e., Li1.2Mn0.53Ni0.13Co0.13O2or, alternatively, 0.5Li2MnO3.0.5Li(Ni1 / 3Mn1 / 3Co1 / 3)O2), 12...

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Abstract

A lithium metal oxide positive electrode material useful in making lithium-ion batteries that is produced using spray pyrolysis. The material comprises a plurality of metal oxide secondary particles that comprise metal oxide primary particles, wherein the primary particles have a size that is in the range of about 1 nm to about 10 μm, and the secondary particles have a size that is in the range of about 10 nm to about 100 μm and are uniformly mesoporous.

Description

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS[0001]The present application is a non-provisional application claiming the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 61 / 481,601, filed May 2, 2011, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.STATEMENT REGARDING FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH OR DEVELOPMENT[0002]This invention was made with Government Support under a grant from the National Science Foundation (grant CBET-0928964). The government has certain rights to this invention.FIELD OF THE INVENTION[0003]The invention is generally related to active materials for battery applications. More specifically, the invention relates to fine structured positive active materials and methods for preparing them for use in lithium-ion batteries.BACKGROUND OF INVENTION[0004]Lithium-ion secondary batteries are considered an attractive power source for portable devices, electric, hybrid electric vehicles, and large renewable power facilities. A Li-ion cell is comprised of an anode and a cath...

Claims

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Application Information

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IPC IPC(8): H01M4/131H01M10/0525H01M4/1315
CPCB82Y30/00Y02E60/122C01G45/1228C01G45/1264C01G51/50C01G53/50C01P2002/20C01P2002/32C01P2002/52C01P2002/72C01P2002/76C01P2002/77C01P2002/88C01P2004/32C01P2004/50C01P2004/51C01P2004/61C01P2004/62C01P2004/64C01P2004/80C01P2006/12C01P2006/16C01P2006/40H01M4/505H01M4/525H01M4/485C01D15/00Y02E60/10
Inventor AXELBAUM, RICHARD L.ZHANG, XIAOFENG
Owner WASHINGTON UNIV IN SAINT LOUIS
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