Thermoelectric device
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Example 1a
Thermoelectric Properties of Polyelectrolytes
[0278]The thermoelectric properties of the polyanion poly(styrene sulfonate) (PSS) with mobile sodium cations (Na+) and the polycation poly-2-[(methacryloyloxy)-ethyl]trimethylammonium (PMADQUAT) with mobile chloride anions (Cl−) are measured in the device illustrated in FIG. 3. This device can be considered as the elementary power generator for a polyelectrolyte.
[0279]A glass substrate 352 with two pre-patterned gold electrodes 353, 354 by thermal evaporation (1 mm in width, 53 mm in length, approx. 100 nm in thickness for each and 1 mm apart from each other). Solution polyelectrolytes 351 (PSSNa or PMADQUAT, 2 wt % in distilled (DI) water, 40 μl) were drop-casted on the prepared substrate and dried naturally. The obtained films give the thickness as 1.66 μm for PSSNa and 1.16 μm for PMADQUAT.
[0280]A temperature difference is then applied between the two gold electrodes by a heater 355 and cooler 366 positioned below the glass ...
example 1b
Electric Power Generation from One Leg Device or from Multiple Single-Leg Devices
[0286]The open-circuit voltage of the device increases linearly with the temperature gradient (FIG. 18) and its value is about 55 mV for 1 K, which is close to the measured ionic Seebeck coefficient with the Au electrodes
[0287]The device is then connected to a load resistance and the output voltage across the load is followed versus time. At the origin of the time axis, there is no temperature difference, but a temperature gradient is increased until it reaches a constant value of ΔT=1.2 K at about 1500 seconds. The initial output voltages are smaller than the open-circuit voltage, as expected for a generator connected to a load resistance, but it increases steadily to become larger than the open-circuit voltage to reach a maximum at 64 mV (R=7.5 MOhms), 53 mV (R=2 MOhms), 32 mV (750 kOhms). This increase in the output voltage corresponds to an induced thermo-generated current of 8.53 nA, 26.5 nA, and 4...
example 2
Point of the Electrochemically Active Electrodes
[0288]The strategy to increase the thermo-voltage is to connect polycation and polyanion legs electrically in series and thermally in parallel, since they have Seebeck voltages of opposite sign. PSSNa has a positive ionic Seebeck coefficient, α, while PMADQUAT shows a negative Seebeck voltage at high humidity level. PSSNa may be defined as a P-leg and PMADQUAT as a N-leg.
[0289]Device 4, arranged generally as described in relation to FIG. 1, and in more detail a connector to conduct ions comprising an aqueous solution of NaCl, two ion reservoirs comprising a NaCl solution of the same concentration as the solution in the connector, a first and a second leg, respectively, and electrochemically active PEDOT-PSS electrodes. The reservoirs are in contact with the legs and the electrodes.
[0290]Onto a glass substrate, two PEDOT:PSS electrodes are prepared by drop-casting the solution and baked at 50° C. (L: 18 mm, W: 15 mm and T: 8.6 um). PSSN...
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