Electrocatalyst for alcohol oxidation in fuel cells

a fuel cell and electrocatalyst technology, applied in the direction of metal/metal-oxide/metal-hydroxide catalysts, cell components, physical/chemical process catalysts, etc., can solve the problems of significant reduction of fuel cell performance, loss of electrochemical activity of even the best electrocatalyst, and serious drawbacks in the storage of hydrogen for use in fuel cells, etc., to achieve significant reduction of carbon monoxide poisoning, reduce cost, and reduce the weight of noble metal

Inactive Publication Date: 2001-02-06
BROOKHAVEN SCI ASSOCS
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  • Summary
  • Abstract
  • Description
  • Claims
  • Application Information

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Benefits of technology

By using the anodes of the invention to oxidize alcohol in a fuel cell, carbon monoxide poisoning is significantly reduced. Other advantages include l

Problems solved by technology

Serious drawbacks have also been encountered in the storage of hydrogen for use in fuel cells.
A major obstacle in the development of methanol fuel cells is the loss of electrochemical activity of even the best electrocatalyst due to "poisoning" by carbon monoxide (CO).
It is well known that CO, even at levels of 1-10 ppm, is a severe poiso

Method used

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  • Electrocatalyst for alcohol oxidation in fuel cells

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Current potential curves were obtained using various electrocatalysts in a methanol oxidation fuel cell. Electrocatalysts of the invention (i.e., NiWO.sub.4 / Pt and NiWO.sub.4 / Pt / 10% RuO.sub.2) and known electrocatalysts (i.e., Pt--Ru (1:1 wt %) and Pt) were all tested for performance in an anode of a methanol fuel cell.

Measurements were performed using a solution of 0.5M H.sub.2 SO.sub.4 and 0.5M CH.sub.3 OH at room temperature (approximately 21.degree. C.) in an all-glass electrochemical cell with three electrode arrangement. An equal amount of Pt (5 mg / cm.sup.2) was used for the preparation of all catalysts. The approximate surface area of the catalyst was 1.42 cm.sup.2. All of the catalysts were in the form of a powder and were supported by a 63% carbon (Vulcan.TM.) / 37% PTFE mixture. The reference electrode was connected to the solution through a Luggin capillary.

The current potential curves were obtained using quasi-stationary potentiodynamic regime, with the sweep rate of 1 m...

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Abstract

Binary and ternary electrocatalysts are provided for oxidizing alcohol in a fuel cell. The binary electrocatalyst includes 1) a substrate selected from the group consisting of NiWO4 or CoWO4 or a combination thereof, and 2) Group VIII noble metal catalyst supported on the substrate. The ternary electrocatalyst includes 1) a substrate as described above, and 2) a catalyst comprising Group VIII noble metal, and ruthenium oxide or molybdenum oxide or a combination thereof, said catalyst being supported on said substrate.

Description

The present invention relates to electrocatalyst compositions. More specifically, the invention relates to electrocatalysts which can be used on the anode of a fuel cell to oxidize alcohol.A fuel cell is an electrochemical device with an anode and a cathode that converts chemical energy provided by a fuel and an oxidant into electricity. An electrolyte is required which is in contact with both electrodes and which may be alkaline, acidic, solid or liquid. The basic process is highly efficient and essentially pollution-free. Also, since single fuel cells can be assembled in stacks of varying sizes, systems can be designed to produce a wide range of output levels.As an energy conversion device, the fuel cell is distinguished from a conventional battery by its fuel storage capacity. Unlike a battery which consumes internally stored fuel and needs to be either discarded or recharged after a certain time, fuel is fed to the fuel cell from an external source giving the fuel cell a practic...

Claims

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Application Information

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IPC IPC(8): H01M8/00H01M4/86H01M4/88H01M4/90H01M4/92
CPCH01M4/8605H01M4/9016H01M4/92H01M8/1011H01M8/1013Y02E60/50
Inventor ADZIC, RADOSLAV R.MARINKOVIC, NEBOJSA S.
Owner BROOKHAVEN SCI ASSOCS
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