The invention relates to a traditional Chinese medicine preparation for preventing and treating bone marrow suppression after radiotherapy and chemotherapy. The traditional Chinese medicine preparation is prepared from, by weight, 10-20 parts of codonopsis pilosula, 15-60 parts of astragali radix, 15-20 parts of fructus ligustri lucidi, 10-20 parts of eclipta alba, 15-30 parts of caulis spatholobi, 10-30 parts of peanut coat, 10-20 parts of rhizoma polygonati, 6-10 parts of ginger and 10-15 parts of radix bupleuri. The traditional Chinese medicine preparation has the advantages of good curative effect and low cost, has the curative effect similar to GM-CsF on the aspect of leukopenia (including severe bone marrow suppression) after radiotherapy and chemotherapy, can improve the clinical symptoms, has no obvious side effect, and meanwhile can effectively improve blood platelet and hemoglobin values and effectively prevent adverse consequences, such as serious infection and fever caused by leukocyte decrease.