Laser additive manufacturing method and device of metal parts

Abstract

The invention discloses a laser additive manufacturing method and a laser additive manufacturing device of metal parts. In the laser additive manufacturing method, a layered-manufactured profile-followed cylinder is used as a forming cylinder, namely before each metal part layer is manufactured, a layer of closed thin wall is manufactured, the formed cavity is used as the profile-followed cavity, the height of the profile-followed cavity is the same as that of the metal part layer to be manufactured, and the shape of the profile-followed cavity is adapted to that of the metal part layer to be manufactured, so as to provide a plane reference and a cavity for laying powder; the layered-manufactured profile-followed cylinder is used, a scanning galvanometer is used for performing selective laser melting and forming, the metal part layers are manufactured layer by layer, layers of the profile-followed cavities are finally stacked to form the profile-followed cylinder, and the layers of metal parts are stacked to form metal parts. The laser additive manufacturing device comprises a laser galvanometer melting and forming device and a thin wall preparation device which alternatively work, so as to accomplish the selective laser melting and forming process. The method and the device keep the advantages of the selective laser melting (SLM) metal additive manufacturing technology, uses the profile-followed cylinder to break the limit of the conventional SLM device fixed-size forming cylinder, and thus achieving the high-precision manufacture of the large-size even over-sized parts.

Description

Technical field [0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of laser additive manufacturing, and specifically relates to a method and equipment for additive manufacturing of high-precision metal parts, and is particularly suitable for the manufacture of large-sized or even super-sized complex metal parts. Background technique [0002] In recent years, laser additive manufacturing technology based on "discrete-stack" and "additive forming" has been able to directly manufacture metal parts with a density of nearly 100% from CAD models and metal powders. Common metal materials such as tool steel, stainless steel, nickel alloy, copper alloy, titanium alloy and tungsten alloy have all been successfully trial-produced, and the manufactured metal parts are gradually moving towards practical industrial applications. [0003] At present, there are two methods for directly manufacturing 100% density metal parts using laser additive manufacturing technology: one is laser melting depos...

AI Technical Summary

Problems solved by technology

If it is really necessary to use SLM technology to manufacture large-size parts, a large-size forming cylinder must be used. The large amount of powder carried by the large-size forming cylinder will bring a heavy load to the machine tool, making the mechanical components such as pistons and screw rods in the SLM forming equipment loaded. The load of the equipment is large, and the manufacturing cost and difficulty factor of the equipment are greatly increased.

[0012] To sum up, LMD technology is generally used to manufacture large-scale metal parts with relatively simple shapes and low dimensional accuracy requirements; while SLM technology is used to manufacture metal parts with complex shapes and high dimensional accuracy requirements, but it is currently impossible to manufacture large-scale metal parts. Dimensional Metal Parts

Using the SLM method of large-sized forming cylinders to manufacture large metal parts will bring many technical difficulties to the manufacture of SLM equipment. For example, the entire forming cylinder must be filled with excess alloy powder to complete the part manufacturing, which will make the machine tool overweight. , the complexity of mechanical equipment is greatly increased and the cost of equipment manufacturing is greatly increased

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