Method for shortening rotation cycle of watermelon to prevent and control fusarium wilt of watermelon

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of prevention and control of crop soil-borne diseases, in particular to a method for shortening a rotation cycle of a watermelon and preventing and controlling fusarium wilt of the watermelon. The method comprises the steps: cleaning a plant residue after a spring watermelon is harvested, applying a fertilizer, performing rotary tillage on soil, broadcasting dazomet, performing the rotary tillage on the soil, performing watering, covering a plastic film for 10-15 days, removing the film, performing sun curing, sterilizing the soil, planting a liliaceae crop with a root system capable of secreting an irritant and bacteriocidal substance in the sterilized soil in autumn, and planting the watermelon again to complete the rotation cycle of the watermelon. The method adopts the dazomet to sterilize the soil planted with the spring watermelon in summer, so that fusarium wilt bacteria of the watermelon in the soil can be killed to the greatest extent; the liliaceae crop capable of killing the fusarium wilt bacteria of the watermelon is planted in the autumn, so that the quantity of pathogenic bacteria is further reduced; and in addition, vegetable crops are continued to be planted in a greenhouse in the autumn, so that income is increased, and the whole prevention and control method is simple in process and easy to operate, and meets an actual demand of agricultural production.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention relates to the field of prevention and control of soil-borne diseases of crops, in particular to a method for preventing and controlling watermelon wilt by shortening the rotation period of watermelons. Background technique [0002] Watermelon is a popular fruit. The average area of ​​watermelon planted in my country is 17 million mu every year, ranking first in the world. With the continuous expansion of planting area and continuous cropping, the occurrence of watermelon wilt has become more and more common and serious, and it has become one of the most devastating soil-borne fungal diseases in the world. The pathogen of the disease is Fusarium oxysporumf. sp. niveum FON, which can be used in various forms such as hyphae, conidia, chlamydospores and sclerotia, etc. Overwinter in stumps, seeds, and soil, and can survive for 5-6 years without the host. A small number of pathogens can even survive for more than 10 years. They are generally...

AI Technical Summary

Problems solved by technology

At present, Mianlong has been widely used in the prevention and control of soil-borne diseases of strawberry, watermelon, tomato, cucumber and other crops, but many years of application have exposed the same problem, that is, when the soil temperature is lower than 15 ℃ , the soil disinfection effect in Mianlong is very poor ("Key Points for Using Soil Disinfection in Mianlong", Wu Renfeng, Hubei Plant Protection, 2012), not only the killing rate of pathogenic bacteria is low, but also some bactericidal substances that have not been decomposed and left are likely to cause phytotoxicity to crops

This situation is most obvious in watermelons, because after the establishment of greenhouses and solar greenhouses, in order to gain higher economic income in advance, the current watermelons have been planted in January and February in advance, and at this time, except for South China , most of the soil temperature is lower than 10°C. In this season, if cotton long is used, it will not only have almost no killing effect on the pathogenic bacteria in the soil, but also the residual fungicidal substances after the soil temperature rises in the later period will cause phytotoxicity to the watermelon plants.

[0005] At present, although there are reports on the application of cotton-melon to disinfect soil to prevent and control watermelon wilt, the control effect is not high and unstable; it is reported that the cultivation mode of garlic-watermelon-late rice is used (Liu Shanchen, 1996), that is, after the watermelon is planted. Then plant rice and garlic, and then plant watermelon in the third batch. This model has a very small application area and cannot solve the problems of most watermelon planting areas.

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