Graft scaffold for cartilage repair and process for making same
A technology of cartilage repair and planting, applied in the field of three-dimensional grafts, which can solve problems such as misalignment, loose height, and incidence of donor sites
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Embodiment 1a
[0146] Example 1a: Bioprinting of Patient-Specific Tissue Grafts
[0147] Perform clinical computed tomography imaging to obtain computed three-dimensional objects ( figure 1 ). The patient-specific outer ear model is then mirrored to the contralateral side and a new 3D model is generated. Along with the new model, an external support structure model was generated to support the ear structure, especially the overhang area, during the printing process. Support structures are designed to contact the ink at strategically important locations to initiate cross-linking and support overhanging features ( Figure 5 ). Coextrusion of the support material was shown to keep horizontal bioink lines from sagging and accurately maintain the printed shape after elution of the support. Furthermore, the inner support structure of denser polymers is prepared to allow better force distribution in the inner structure ( figure 2 , 3 ). All models were converted into machine code in an S...
Embodiment 1b
[0149] Example 1b: Fabrication of cartilage particles for 3D printing purposes
[0150] Harvest cartilage from fresh bovine joint or ear cartilage by removing the thin layer of cartilage into a Petri dish containing PBS and 1% penicillin-streptomycin. The harvested cartilage was transferred to a cryogenic mill (Retsch) and milled at an intensity of 30 Hz for three cycles. The ground cartilage is collected and lyophilized to obtain a dry powder that can be sieved into the desired particle size range. These particles can be further loaded with growth factors or other molecules to enhance proliferation and other cellular responses. After loading, the particles are lyophilized and stored frozen to maximize the availability of biomolecules over an extended shelf life.
Embodiment 1c
[0151] Example 1c: Print mix material material preparation and printing process
[0152]A printing hybrid material ("Bio-Ink") was prepared by combining gellan gum at a concentration of 3.5% with 3% alginate. Gellan gum was dialyzed against ultrapure water to minimize cationic carryover in the material. Dialyze in ultrapure water at 70-80°C for 3 days, changing the water once or twice a day. The gellan gum was further lyophilized to obtain a dry powder. Purified gellan gum was dissolved in deionized water containing dextrose to make it more compatible with cells, and the alginate solution was added to obtain the final concentration of the polymer. Combine the polymer blend with ECM particles and 6 x 10 6 Cells / ml were mixed to obtain the final printed mixed material. Compared with the positive control, the printing mixture significantly stimulated cell proliferation ( Figure 4 ). For bioink alone, bioink + ECM with or without the growth factor TGF-β3, cartilage extr...
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