Process and system for preventing excessive cracking

Abstract

The invention relates to the fields of petroleum, chemical engineering and cracking, and particularly relates to a process and a system for preventing excessive cracking. The process has the main characteristics that a plurality of temperature sections are divided according to different temperatures of cracking oil gas, the oil gas generated by cracking is led out of a cracker in time to carry outcooling dust removal, so that the excessive cracking of the oil gas is reduced, the loss of the oil gas is avoided, and the oil yield is increased; the led-out oil gas is subjected to reverse spray by adopting corresponding cooling and refluxing components; the temperature of the oil gas is reduced and dust in the cracking oil gas is removed in a shortest time by control process parameters, so that the maximum liquefaction of high-boiling-point components in the cracking oil gas is realized, the polymerization of unsaturated hydrocarbons in the cracking oil gas is avoided, and the oil yield and the oil-product quality are improved.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention relates to the fields of petroleum, chemical industry and cracking, in particular to a process and system for preventing excessive cracking. Background technique [0002] As we all know, pyrolysis refers to the chemical process of transforming a sample (mainly referring to high-molecular organic compounds) into several other substances (mainly referring to low-molecular organic compounds) only by heat energy. It has found a good solution for the treatment of waste tires, waste rubber, etc., and provided a new solution for the reduction of resources and the improvement of energy shortage. However, all the current cracking processes are to send the cracking raw materials into the cracker. After high temperature cracking, all the cracking components are uniformly discharged from the oil and gas outlet at the end of the cracker. Due to the high cracking temperature, the cracking components are in the cracker. If the time is too long, the sub...

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Problems solved by technology

However, all the current cracking processes are to send the cracking raw materials into the cracker. After high temperature cracking, all the cracking components are uniformly discharged from the oil and gas outlet at the end of the cracker. Due to the high cracking temperature, the cracking components are in the cracker. If the time is too long, the substance that should be turned into oil directly turns into gas, which eventually leads to a decrease in the oil yield of the entire cracking process

[0003] In addition, the bromine value of the cracked oil and gas obtained by cracking is generally 80-100. Compared with crude oil in the petrochemical industry (bromine price is generally 20-30), the content of unsaturated hydrocarbons is 3-4 times higher, and the oil and gas carry Al , Ca, Co, Cr, Mg, Zn and other metal elements, these dusts enter the subsequent pipelines and equipment with the oil and gas, and will adhere to the surface of the equipment or pipelines during the cooling process. Or the pipeline is blocked, affecting normal production, and these metal elements can also catalyze the polymerization of unsaturated hydrocarbons in oil and gas at a certain temperature, so that the unsaturated hydrocarbons of small molecular chains produced by cracking can be polymerized into macromolecular chains Colloid and other sticky solid substances, these sticky solid substances adhere to the surface of equipment and pipelines, and the dust carried by the oil and gas accumulates for a long time to form coke, which blocks equipment or pipelines, reduces the service life of equipment, and reduces The yield and quality of oil products are reduced, which in turn makes the final oil yield low and the quality of oil products poor

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