A cracking device for producing light olefins by cracking petroleum hydrocarbons under reduced pressure

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of petrochemical engineering, and provides a cracking device for preparing low-carbon olefins from petroleum hydrocarbon by cracking under reduced pressure conditions. The cracking device comprises a cracking furnace and a pressure reducing device communicated with the cracking furnace, and the pressure reducing device is arranged to allow a pipeline for a petroleum hydrocarbon raw material to flow through in a convection section, radiation section and a waste heat boiler in the cracking furnace to be in a negative pressure state. Compared with a traditionalnormal pressure device, the device disclosed by the invention can be used for effectively solving the problem that special heavy cracking raw materials such as crude oil cannot be fully gasified in the convection section, and the yield, which is obviously improved compared with that of a normal-pressure cracking process, of the low-carbon olefins can also be obtained.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention belongs to the field of petrochemical industry, and more specifically relates to a cracking device for preparing light olefins by cracking petroleum hydrocarbons under reduced pressure conditions. Background technique [0002] Low-carbon olefins usually refer to the general term of unsaturated hydrocarbons with carbon four or less, mainly including ethylene, propylene, isobutylene, butadiene and other organic chemical raw materials with high economic value, and with the development of my country's economy, these The demand for organic chemical raw materials is increasing year by year. Although the production scale of low-carbon olefins is also increasing year by year, it cannot meet the growing demand. For example: It is estimated that in 2020, my country's ethylene production capacity will reach 35.6 million tons, and the equivalent demand is expected to be around 47.6 million tons, leaving a demand gap of nearly 2 million tons. Therefor...

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Problems solved by technology

[0012] The device of the present invention connects the decompression separation tower with a mature steam cracking device to convert petroleum hydrocarbons into low-carbon olefins under reduced pressure. Compared with traditional atmospheric pressure devices, the device of the present invention can effectively solve the problem of crude oil In addition to the problem that the special heavy cracking raw material cannot be fully gasified in the convection section, it can also obtain a significantly higher yield of low-carbon olefins than the normal pressure cracking process

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