Efficient planting method of tobacco-wheat yield two crops a year in northern cold tobacco-growing areas

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of tobacco rotation planting, and discloses an efficient planting method of tobacco-wheat yield two crops a year in northern cold tobacco-growing areas. After tobacco is harvested, the tobacco stems and roots are removed, mechanical rotary tillage and raking are carried out, and the rotary tillage depth is 15-20cm; machinery is used for fertilization and seeding, irrigating is carried out in time according to soil moisture content and weather conditions after seeding is carried out, and field management is carried out; mechanical harvesting is carried out in the middle of a dough stage, and while grain harvesting is carried out, straws are crushed to be returned to the field; land preparation, ridge formation, fertilizer applying, mulching are carried out; and seedling, transplanting, field management, mature harvesting and roasting are carried out. The problem of soil barriers in tobacco fields caused by a current tobacco planting monoculture continuous cropping model in the northern tobacco-growing areas is effectively solved, disease and insect pests are reduced, and tobacco leaf yield and quality and comprehensive economic benefits of tobacco fields are improved. The soil organic matter is increased by 15-25%, the structure of arable layers is obviously improved, the incidence of disease is reduced by 60%, the proportion of first-class tobacco in tobacco leaves is increased by 5-7%, and the comprehensive economic benefit of farmers is increased by 15-20%.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of tobacco rotation planting, and in particular relates to a high-efficiency planting method of tobacco-wheat twice a year in the northern cold-smoky area. Background technique [0002] At present, the tobacco planting mode is a set of methods adopted in order to achieve the layout and distribution of tobacco and other food crops or economic crop planting structures under certain natural resources and socio-economic conditions, and to achieve the improvement of crop product quality and sustainable development. The comprehensive technical system combining land use and land cultivation, including planting arrangements, farming methods and supporting technical measures, is one of the key links in the tobacco cultivation and farming system. Adopting a reasonable farming pattern in tobacco leaf production can not only reduce the occurrence of diseases and insect pests, coordinate the supply of soil nutrients, imp...

AI Technical Summary

Problems solved by technology

There are disadvantages in the single-cropping and continuous-cropping mode: perennial continuous cropping leads to soil nutrient imbalance in tobacco fields, accumulation of harmful substances, deterioration of physical structure, aggravation of tobacco pests and diseases, decline in tobacco leaf yield and quality, and reduction in economic benefits, etc.

The two-year three-crop crop rotation model has disadvantages: the crop rotation cycle is longer, and the annual average economic benefit is lower than that of tobacco continuous cropping, resulting in a limited application area of ​​this model, which is only used when the continuous cropping tobacco field is unsustainable

[0009] (1) The current tobacco production structure in the northern cold and cold tobacco areas is a single cropping and continuous cropping model. The tobacco field is basically cropped once a year, and the continuous cropping is perennial, resulting in a decline in land production capacity, tobacco leaf output, and quality. Tobacco field soil nutrient imbalance, accumulation of harmful substances, Deterioration of physical structure, aggravation of tobacco pests and diseases, reduction of comprehensive economic benefits of tobacco fields, etc.

[0010] (2) The current two-year three-crop crop rotation model has a longer rotation cycle, and the annual average economic benefit is lower than that of tobacco continuous cropping, resulting in a limited application area of ​​this model, which is only used when the continuous cropping tobacco field is unsustainable

[0011] (3) Tobacco planting in the cold and cold areas in the north lacks a reasonable combination of crops, and it is impossible to achieve effective crop rotation and break through continuous cropping obstacles, and the economic benefits are low

[0013] Significance of solving the above technical problems: To establish a modern and efficient planting mode of two-cropping and multi-cropping rotation in a year, which is suitable for large-scale tobacco fields in cold and cold tobacco areas in the north. It will be of great significance for the stable development of tobacco leaf production and the continuous increase of tobacco farmers' income in the cold and cold tobacco areas in the north

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