Microbial aquatic feed and preparation method and application thereof

[0027] Some embodiments of the invention also provide a preparation method of the microbial aquatic feed, which comprises the following steps: mixing raw materials, and preparing into shaped pellet feed at the temperature below 60 DEG C..

[0028] Specifically, in some embodiments, the raw materials are first crushed and mixed, then tempered, and then granulated.

[0029] Because aquatic animals have low food intake, short digestive tract and poor digestive ability, aquatic feed requires fine particle size to increase the surface area of feed, increase the contact area between digestive juice of aquatic animals and feed, and improve the digestibility and feed reward of aquatic animals. At the same time, due to the low intake of aquatic animals and the technical requirements of cold granulation in the embodiment of the invention, it is required that the mixing uniformity of the feed can be reflected in a smaller range, which also requires the aquatic feed to have a finer particle size. Therefore, in some embodiments of the present invention, all feed raw materials should pass through a 40-mesh analysis sieve, and less than 5% of the 60-mesh sieve is loaded. At the same time, the micro-crushing process is adopted to crush the raw materials through a micro-pulverizer, and the micro-pulverizer can be a vertical shaft micro-pulverizer, which is equipped with powerful air separation equipment, and then enters a rotary classification screen for screening. Here, the purpose of the rotary classifying screen is to remove the fine fluff formed by the coarse fiber in the feed during the crushing process. The existence of these fine fluff is easy to adhere around the die hole of the granulator until it blocks the die hole, resulting in shutdown and cleaning.

[0030] The food intake of aquatic animals such as shrimp is very small, especially in the fry stage, which requires the total components of aquatic feed to be evenly distributed in the whole batch of feed. Uneven mixing will cause uneven nutrients in feed products, affect the growth rate of aquatic animals, and make the fed animals grow unevenly. At the same time, because the embodiment of the invention is a cold granulation process, uneven mixing will also lead to poor granulation, and feed particles are easy to dissolve and disperse in water. Therefore, in some embodiments, vitamins, fish oil, lecithin, attractant, AB series aquaculture microecological preparation, RB-I compound lactic acid bacteria preparation and AB synergist are premixed to obtain a first mixture, which is then mixed with other raw materials. The mixer can be a double-shaft horizontal paddle mixer, which has high mixing uniformity, high output and fast mixing speed.

[0031] According to some embodiments, the tempering is to mix and stir the mixture of raw materials with warm water not exceeding 60℃, and the water content of the mixed and stirred materials is 22-28%, preferably 23-27%, more preferably 24-26%. The above-mentioned low-temperature tempering process will not destroy the microbial flora in the raw materials. At the same time, tempering is the curing treatment of powdery raw materials. Most animals have a low ability to digest starch, but they can digest cooked starch to a large extent. Under the hydrothermal action, tempering greatly increases the gelatinization degree of starch, and at the same time, it also promotes the protein in the material to be denatured by heating, and the denatured protein is easy to be enzymolyzed, thus improving the digestion and utilization rate of pellet feed. Through the above tempering process, the water resistance of the pellet feed can also be significantly improved. By the action of warm water on the raw materials, the sticky components, such as gelatinized starch and denatured protein, in the materials can give full play to the role of binder, and can effectively bond other components around. Under the squeezing action of the pressing roller, the pellets are more closely combined with each other, so that the pellet feed becomes denser and has a smooth appearance, and it is not easy to be eroded by water in the feeding process, thus increasing the stability in water. In addition, the above tempering can also improve the granulation property of materials, increase the output, save the energy consumption of granulation, and prolong the service life of the pressing die and the pressing roller of the granulator. Under the action of warm water, the material is softened and more plastic. During the granulation process, the friction force is reduced during the extrusion with the die hole wall, the inner wall of the pressing die and the outer surface of the pressing roller, which prevents a large amount of mechanical energy from being converted into heat energy in the granulation process, and slows down the wear of the pressing die and the pressing roller.

[0032] According to some embodiments, granulation is performed by extruding the tempered mixture through a granulator, and the temperature of the whole granulation process is controlled below 60℃ so that the microbial flora can survive.

[0033]According to some embodiments, the preparation of microbial aquatic feed also includes drying and cooling the extruded feed, preferably, the water content percentage of the cooled pellet feed is less than 12%. Specifically, since the microbial flora in feed pellets cannot be destroyed, in some embodiments, feed pellets to be dried are placed in a dryer, and then a large amount of dry cold air is introduced into the dryer to take away the temperature and moisture on the feed surface. The cooled pellet feed can be packaged and stored.

[0034] Some embodiments of the invention also provide the application of the microbial aquatic feed in shrimp culture. The shrimp can be Penaeus vannamei, Macrobrachium rosenbergii, crayfish, etc.

[0036] Example 1

[0037] The microbial aquatic feed provided by this embodiment comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 35 parts of fish meal, 35 parts of flour, 12 parts of soybean meal, 6 parts of peanut meal, 4 parts of squid paste, 3 parts of shrimp powder, 3 parts of feed yeast, 3 parts of minerals, 1.2 parts of vitamin, 1.2 parts of fish oil, 1.2 parts of lecithin, 0.6 parts of attractant, 0.3 parts of AB series aquaculture microecological preparation, and 0.5 parts of fish oil.

[0038] The preparation method of the microbial aquatic feed comprises the following steps:

[0039] Firstly, the raw materials are weighed according to the above proportion, and then all kinds of raw materials are respectively crushed by a micro-pulverizer by adopting a micro-pulverization process. The micro-pulverizer can be a vertical shaft micro-pulverizer, which is equipped with a powerful air separation device, and then enters a rotary classification sieve for screening, so that all feed raw materials pass through a 40-mesh analysis sieve, and the 60-mesh sieve has less than 5% of the content.

[0040] Secondly, vitamins, fish oil, lecithin, attractant, AB series aquaculture microecological preparation, RB-I compound lactic acid bacteria preparation and AB synergist are premixed to obtain a first mixture, which is then mixed with other raw materials.

[0041] After that, the mixture of raw materials is conveyed to a tempering device for tempering, that is, 55℃ warm water is added into the mixed raw materials for mixing and stirring, and the water content of the mixed and stirred materials is 27% by mass.

[0042] Then, granulation is to squeeze the tempered mixture through a granulator, and the temperature of the whole granulation process is controlled below 60℃. The extruded feed particles are placed in a dryer, and then a large amount of dry cold air is introduced into the dryer to take away the temperature and moisture of the feed surface.

[0043] Example 2

[0044] The microbial aquatic feed provided by this embodiment comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30 parts of fish meal, 30 parts of flour, 8 parts of soybean meal, 4 parts of peanut meal, 2 parts of squid paste, 1 part of shrimp powder, 1 part of feed yeast, 1 part of minerals, 0.8 part of vitamin, 0.8 part of fish oil, 0.8 part of lecithin, 0.4 part of attractant, 0.1 part of AB series aquaculture microecological preparation.

[0045] The preparation method of the microbial aquatic feed comprises the following steps:

[0046] Firstly, the raw materials are weighed according to the above proportion, and then all kinds of raw materials are respectively crushed by a micro-pulverizer by adopting a micro-pulverization process. The micro-pulverizer can be a vertical shaft micro-pulverizer, which is equipped with a powerful air separation device, and then enters a rotary classification sieve for screening, so that all feed raw materials pass through a 40-mesh analysis sieve, and the 60-mesh sieve has less than 5% of the content.

[0047] Secondly, vitamins, fish oil, lecithin, attractant, AB series aquaculture microecological preparation, RB-I compound lactic acid bacteria preparation and AB synergist are premixed to obtain a first mixture, which is then mixed with other raw materials.

[0048] After that, the mixture of raw materials is conveyed to a tempering device for tempering, that is, warm water of 58℃ is added into the mixed raw materials for mixing and stirring, and the water content of the mixed and stirred materials is 24% by mass.

[0049] Then, granulation is to squeeze the tempered mixture through a granulator, and the temperature of the whole granulation process is controlled below 60℃. The extruded feed particles are placed in a dryer, and then a large amount of dry cold air is introduced into the dryer to take away the temperature and moisture of the feed surface.