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Method of reducing the harmful effects of orally or transdermally delivered nicotine

a nicotine delivery and harmful effect technology, applied in tobacco treatment, tobacco, biochemistry apparatus and processes, etc., can solve the problems of not being effective in increasing the long-term success rate of california smokers, nrt has only limited success in enabling people to quit smoking, and the effect of nrt is no longer high

Inactive Publication Date: 2006-08-24
VECTOR TOBACCO LLC
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  • Summary
  • Abstract
  • Description
  • Claims
  • Application Information

AI Technical Summary

Benefits of technology

"The present invention relates to methods of reducing nicotine dependence in tobacco users by gradually reducing the amount of nicotine and / or TSNAs (tobacco specific nitrosamines) in tobacco products while maintaining the use of the tobacco product. The reduced nicotine and / or TSNA tobacco products can be made through various methods such as treated tobacco, selectively bred low nicotine tobacco, or genetically modified tobacco. The invention aims to provide a safer alternative to smoking and reduce the risk of cancer associated with tobacco use. The invention also includes kits containing the reduced nicotine and / or TSNA tobacco products and methods of making and using them."

Problems solved by technology

Although these conventional products of NRT may help tobacco users by suppressing the symptoms of nicotine withdrawal, they do little to satisfy a tobacco user's cravings for the habitual use of the delivery system.
In addition to the fact that conventional NRT does little to quell the secondary factors of addiction, NRT has had only limited success in enabling people to quit tobacco use.
One study, however, goes so far as to say that NRT is no longer effective in increasing long-term successful cessation in California smokers.
Clearly, it appears that tobacco addiction is a complex web of psychological factors (i.e., the secondary factors) coupled with nicotine dependence and existing NRT is largely ineffective.
In practice, however, many program participants only replace the addiction for tobacco with a far more expensive addiction to the NRT product.

Method used

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  • Method of reducing the harmful effects of orally or transdermally delivered nicotine
  • Method of reducing the harmful effects of orally or transdermally delivered nicotine
  • Method of reducing the harmful effects of orally or transdermally delivered nicotine

Examples

Experimental program
Comparison scheme
Effect test

example 1

Isolation and Sequencing

[0329] TobRD2 cDNA (Conkling et. al., Plant Phys. 93, 1203 (1990)) encodes QPTase, which is predicted to be a cytosolic protein. Comparisons of the NtQPT1 amino acid sequence with the GenBank database revealed limited sequence similarity to certain bacterial and other proteins; quinolate phosphoribosyl transferase (QPTase) activity has been demonstrated for the S. typhimurium, E. coli. and N. tabacum genes. The NtQPT1 encoded QPTase has similarity to the deduced peptide fragment encoded by an Arabidopsis EST (expression sequence tag) sequence (Genbank Accession number F20096), which may represent part of an Arabidopsis QPTase gene.

example 2

Transformation of Tobacco Plants

[0330] DNA of the QPTase gene, in antisense orientation, is operably linked to a plant promoter (CaMV 35S or TobRD2 root-cortex specific promoter) to produce two different DNA cassettes: CaMV35S promoter / antisense QPTase-encoding gene and TobRD2 promoter / antisense QPTase-encoding gene.

[0331] A wild-type tobacco line and a low-nicotine tobacco line are selected for transformation, e.g., wild-type Burley 21 tobacco (Nic1+ / Nic2+) and homozygous Nic1 / Nic2—Burley 21. A plurality of tobacco plant cells from each line are transformed using each of the DNA cassettes. Transformation is conducted using an Agrobacterium vector, e.g., an Agrobacterium-binary vector carrying Ti-border sequences and the nptII gene (conferring resistance to kanamycin and under the control of the nos promoter (nptII)).

[0332] Transformed cells are selected and regenerated into transgenic tobacco plants called R0. The R0 plants are grown to maturity and tested for levels of nicotine...

example 3

Tobacco Having Reduced Nicotine and / or TSNA Levels

[0334] Tobacco of the variety Burley 21 LA was transformed with the binary Agrobacterium vector pYTY32 to produce a low nicotine tobacco variety, Vector 21-41. The binary vector pYTY32 carried the 2.0 kb NtQPT1 root-cortex-specific promoter driving antisense expression of the NtQPT1 cDNA and the nopaline synthase (nos) 3′ termination sequences from Agrobacterium tumefaciens T-DNA. The selectable marker for this construct was neomycin phosphotransferase (nptII) from E. coli Tn5 which confers resistance to kanamycin, and the expression nptII was directed by the nos promoter from Agrobacterium tumefaciens T-DNA. Transformed cells, tissues, and seedlings were selected by their ability to grow on Murashige-Skoog (MS) medium containing 300 μg / ml kanamycin. Burley 21 LA is a variety of Burley 21 with substantially reduced levels of nicotine as compared with Burley 21 (i.e., Burley 21 LA has 8% the nicotine levels of Burley 21, see Legg et ...

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Abstract

The present invention generally relates to the reduction of the harmful effects of orally or transdermally delivered nicotine in conventional tobacco-use cessation programs. More specifically, embodiments concern methods of reducing the harmful effects of nicotine intake, associated with conventional tobacco-use cessation programs, by providing tobacco products, which contain a reduced amount of nicotine and / or tobacco specific nitrosamines (TSNAs).

Description

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS [0001] This application is a continuation of and claims the benefit of priority to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11 / 293,680, filed on Dec. 2, 2005, which is a continuation-in-part of, and claims the benefit of priority to, international patent application number PCT / US2004 / 016958, filed May 27, 2004, which designated the United States of America and was published in English and which claims the benefit of priority to U.S. provisional patent application No. 60 / 475,945, filed Jun. 4, 2003; U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11 / 293,680 is also a continuation-in-part of and claims the benefit of priority to PCT / US2005 / 10733, filed Mar. 29, 2005, which designated the United States of America and was published in English and which claims the benefit of priority to 60 / 557,929, filed Mar. 30, 2004; U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11 / 293,680 is also a continuation-in-part of and claims the benefit of priority to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11 / 07...

Claims

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Application Information

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Patent Type & Authority Applications(United States)
IPC IPC(8): A24F47/00
CPCA24B15/20A24B15/243A24B15/245A61K9/007C12N15/8243
Inventor ALBINO, ANTHONYCONKLING, MARKJIN, WENDY
Owner VECTOR TOBACCO LLC
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