Process of hydrocracking heavy oil

Abstract

To provide a process of hydrocracking heavy oil capable of obtaining cracked light oil with higher yields and/or milder reaction conditions than the conventionally proposed hydrocracking process in a suspended bed method using an iron-based catalyst when hydrocracking heavy oil containing heavy metal components produced in a refining process of crude oil into lighter oil.

There are provided (1) a process of hydrocracking heavy oil containing heavy metal components produced in a refining process of crude oil, comprising a vacuum distillation step to obtain the heavy oil as distillation residue by vacuum distillation; and a reaction step to hydrocrack the heavy oil in the presence of an iron-based catalyst in a suspended bed reactor, wherein the distillation is conducted at 350° C. or less in the vacuum distillation step, (2) in the preceding process, reaction conditions in the reaction step are a reaction pressure of 60-160 kg/cm²; a reaction temperature of 430-455° C.; and a reaction time of 30-180 minutes.

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION[0001]1. Field of the Invention[0002]The present invention belongs to the technical field relating to a process of hydrocracking heavy oil, specifically relates to a process of hydrocracking heavy oil containing heavy metal components produced in a refining process of crude oil (hereinafter also referred to as petroleum heavy oil containing heavy metal components). In particular, the present invention belongs to the technical field relating to a process in which petroleum heavy oil containing heavy metal components such as vacuum residue is hydrogenerated in the presence of catalyst to obtain highly decomposed products.[0003]2. Description of the Related Art[0004]In the background of rapid changes in demand structure in which supply of heavier crude oil and demand for lighter products proceed simultaneously, an attention has been drawn to decomposition techniques of heavy oil for producing lighter products in short supply from excess heavy oil, as the limi...

AI Technical Summary

Benefits of technology

[0033]The process of hydrocracking heavy oil of the present invention makes it possible to give decomposed oil with higher yields and / or milder reaction conditions than the conventionally proposed hydrocracking process in a suspended bed method using an iron-based catalyst when hydrocracking petroleum heavy oil containing heavy metal components produced in a refining process of crude oil into lighter oil.

Problems solved by technology

However, these processes have problems of some kind for hydrocracking heavy oil containing heavy metal components such as vacuum residues.

In the case where decomposition of heavy oil are conducted in the presence of catalyst, a large amount of organometallic impurities hazardous to the catalyst is contained.

The process poses a problem on treatment of a large amount of coke produced as by-product.

Also, the yield of distillate oil obtained is inevitably lowered due to increase in gas generation resulting from overcracking.

In addition thereto, it has drawbacks that there are a lot of aromatic and olefinic components, resulting in poor quality.

As a result, there is a limit for a long-period continuous operation, causing the lowering of catalytic activity and clogging of catalyst layer.

The operation, however, is more difficult than a fixed bed method because the catalyst is circulated in operation.

The catalyst is expensive, the reaction pressure is generally as high as 150-200 kg / cm2 (15-20 MPaG), and desulfurization and denitrogenation of reaction products are insufficient.

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