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Method of making and using composition and energy storage device

a technology of composition and energy storage device, which is applied in the direction of secondary cell servicing/maintenance, cell components, electrochemical generators, etc., can solve the problems of passingivation of the remaining uncharged (reduced) electrode surface and fouling of the pores

Inactive Publication Date: 2010-03-11
GENERAL ELECTRIC CO
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  • Summary
  • Abstract
  • Description
  • Claims
  • Application Information

AI Technical Summary

Problems solved by technology

Low solubility of the oxidized cathode material in the molten electrolyte can lead to passivation of the remaining uncharged (reduced) electrode surface and fouling of the pores.

Method used

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  • Method of making and using composition and energy storage device
  • Method of making and using composition and energy storage device
  • Method of making and using composition and energy storage device

Examples

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example 1

Compression Molding a Cathode

[0066]The solid components of a cathodic material include zinc (Alfa Aesar Item #00424, −100 mesh, 99.9% metals basis), brass (Alfa Aesar Item #43213, −325 mesh, 99.9% metals basis), and sodium chloride (Alfa Aesar Item #87605, 99.99%). To increase the surface area for improved mass transfer, the sodium chloride is milled to −200 mesh in a laboratory mill in a dry glove box.

[0067]Ammonium bicarbonate [Sigma-Aldrich Item #A6141, 99.0% reagent grade) is mixed with the cathode precursor solids as a pore former. After 1 min of mechanical milling in an inert-atmosphere glove box, the ammonium bicarbonate powder is sieved, and the +170 mesh powder is retained for use in the cathode preparation. The presence and amount of ammonium bicarbonate influences cathode performance. Addition of 10-20 w / o ammonium bicarbonate (13-30 v / o), results in significantly higher molding pressures to achieve a determined packing density. Beneficially, this results in moldings that...

example 2

Producing an Electrolyte

[0070]Sodium chloride and aluminum chloride are mixed and melted together to produce sodium tetrachloro aluminate (NaAlCl4). Aluminum chloride is volatile when melted, so mixing and melting of the binary salt is done as a separate step before electrochemical cell fabrication.

[0071]Preparation of the binary salt is done in a nitrogen purge box to keep the materials as dry as possible. To produce a 750 gram batch of NaCl-rich (basic) sodium tetrachloro aluminate, 500 g of aluminum chloride (Sigma-Aldrich Item #294713, 99.99% reagent grade) and 250 g of sodium chloride (Sigma-Aldrich Item #204439, 99.999% reagent grade) are mixed in a 500-mL reaction vessel. The reaction vessel is sealed with a clamped lid. The lid is equipped with a gas outlet connected to a mineral oil bubbler to relieve any pressure.

[0072]The reaction vessel containing the dry powders is heated to 300 degrees Celsius, which is above the melting point of the binary salt mixture. Once melted, 5...

example 3

Preparation of Electrochemical Cells for Samples 1-4

[0074]Mixtures of sodium chloride, aluminum chloride, and zinc chloride are prepared as the electrolyte precursor material. A series of samples are formed in which the mole ratio, respectively, of sodium chloride, aluminum chloride and zinc chloride in the samples are 1) 4:1:0.2; 2) 4:1:0.5; 3) 4:1:1; and 4) 4:1:2.

[0075]Four separator tubes, cylindrical in shape, are produced according to known methods or are commercially obtained. Each tube is ceramic sodium conductive beta″ alumina. The cylinder dimensions are 228 mm length, 36 mm internal diameter, and 38 mm outside diameter. Each ceramic separator tube is glass sealed to an alpha alumina collar to form an assembly. Each assembly is placed in a stainless steel can that is the housing to form an electrochemical cell. The can size is about 38 mm×38 mm×230 mm.

[0076]The cathodic material includes zinc powder and alpha-brass powder. The cathodic material is disposed in the volume of...

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Abstract

A method is provided that includes forming brass from zinc powder and copper powder in the presence of a sodium electrolyte. In one aspect, an electrochemical cell is loaded with copper and zinc, the electrochemical cell is heated, and at least one charge / discharge cycle of the electrochemical cell is performed. Alpha brass is converted to gamma brass in presence of zinc and sodium. Methods of producing and operating an energy storage device are also provided.

Description

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS[0001]This application claims the priority and benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 61 / 095,380 entitled “COMPOSITION, ENERGY STORAGE DEVICE AND METHOD” filed on Sep. 9, 2008, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.BACKGROUND[0002]1. Technical Field[0003]The invention includes embodiments that relate to a method of making and using a composition for use as a cathode material in an energy storage device. The invention includes embodiments that relate to methods of making and using the energy storage device.[0004]2. Discussion of Art[0005]Work has been done on rechargeable batteries using sodium as the negative electrode in a battery cell. Sodium has a standard reduction potential of −2.71 volts. Sodium is relatively low weight, non-toxic, abundant, and economically desirable in the form of sodium chloride. The sodium anode may be used in liquid form, and the melting point of sodium is 98 degrees Celsius. An ion conductin...

Claims

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Application Information

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Patent Type & Authority Applications(United States)
IPC IPC(8): H01M6/00C22C9/04H01M10/48
CPCH01M4/38H01M4/381H01M4/661H01M4/662Y10T29/49108H01M4/808H01M10/399H01M10/42H01M2300/0048H01M4/665Y02E60/10
Inventor VALLANCE, MICHAEL ALANBOGDAN, DAVIDSESHADRI, HARI NADATHURGOURISHANKAR, KARTHICK VILAPAKKAMSUNDARARAJAN, GURUPRASADIACOVANGELO, CHARLES DOMINIC
Owner GENERAL ELECTRIC CO
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