Multifunctional Periodic Cellular Solids and the Method of Making the Same

Abstract

Methods of making truss-based periodic cellular solids that have improved structural properties and multifunctional design. Many materials (metals, ceramics, glasses, polymers, composites and even semiconductors) can be shaped into cellular, truss-like architectures with open, closed or mixed types of porosity and then very uniformly arranged in controlled, three-dimensional space-filling arrays. The truss-like elements do not necessarily have a constant cross-section, nor are they necessarily straight or solid throughout (they could be hollow). Their cross sections can be circular, square, triangular, I-beam or other shapes of interest depending on multifunctional needs. When bonded together by solid state, liquid phase, pressing or other methods at points of contact, a cellular structure of highly repeatable cell geometry and few imperfections results. The bonds hold the truss elements together in a desired configuration, allow load to be efficiently transferred amongst them and make the resulting structure significantly more rigid when bent, compressed or sheared. These constructed cellular solids offer a broad range of multifunctional structural uses with a tremendous freedom for choosing the truss type, orientation and distribution. Multiple materials can be intermixed.

Description

RELATED APPLICATIONS[0001]This application is a divisional of copending application Ser. No. 10 / 479,833 filed Dec. 5, 2003, which is a National Stage entry of PCT / US02 / 17942 filed Jun. 6, 2002, which claims priority from U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 60 / 296,186 filed on Jun. 6, 2001, entitled “Constructed Cellular Solids and the Method of Making thereof,” the entire disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference herein.GOVERNMENT SUPPORT[0002]Work described herein was supported by Federal Grant Nos. N00014-96-1-1028 and N00014-01-1-0517, awarded by DARPA / ONR. The United States Government has certain rights in the invention.FIELD OF INVENTION[0003]The present invention relates generally to improved structural / multifunctional material designs and methods for their manufacture. More particularly, the invention is directed to the use of trusses, plates, strips, sheets and bonding techniques to form periodic cellular solids.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION[0004]The properties...

AI Technical Summary

Benefits of technology

[0015]The present invention provides methods of making truss-based periodic cellular solids that have improved structural properties and multifunctional design. The present invention provides many materials (metals, ceramics, glasses, polymers, composites and even semiconductors) that can be shaped into cellular, truss-like architectures with open, closed or mixed types of porosity and then very uniformly arranged in controlled, three-dimensional space-filling arrays. The truss-like elements do not necessarily have a constant cross-section, nor are they necessarily straight or solid throughout (they could be hollow). Their cross sections can be circular, square, triangular, I-beam or other shapes of interest depending on multifunctional needs. When bonded together by solid state, liquid phase, pressing or other methods at points of contact, a cellular structure of highly repeatable cell geometry and few imperfections results. The bonds hold the truss elements together in a desired configuration, allow load to be efficiently transferred amongst them and make the resulting structure significantly more rigid when bent, compressed or sheared. These constructed cellular solids offer a broad range of multifunctional structural uses with a tremendous freedom for choosing the truss type, orientation and distribution. Multiple materials can be intermixed. In preferred embodiments, core relative densities is less than about 20%. Truss diameters are greater than about 0.01 inch. Yet other ranges are contemplated as would be appreciated by one skilled in the art. This creates many opportunities for optimally designed cellular solids with multifunctional possibilities.

Problems solved by technology

For manufacturers, the main obstacle to obtaining superior properties has involved gaining good control over the distribution of material at the cell level in a cost effective way.

However, their utility as load bearing structures is substantially reduced with decreasing relative density as the Young's and shear moduli along with the tensile, compressive and shear yield strengths degrade in a non-linear way (owing to ligament failure in bending).

However, the casting approaches used to manufacture miniature trusses are expensive and the resulting structures are subject to large (2-3) knockdown by casting factors (e.g., entrapped porosity, shrinkage residual stress, etc.).

Furthermore, many materials of potential interest are difficult to cast and do not favorably respond to post-processing (e.g. heat treatment).

When fabricated in this way, the panels can be quite light and stiff however, they also show substantial anisotropy in the bending plane and are relatively expensive due to the poor utilization of material and high machining cost.

But there are difficulties with forming them into complex (non-planar) shapes due to induced anticlastic curvature [2].

Also, the closed nature of the porosity can trap moisture leading to corrosion.

In space applications, their skins are susceptible to interfacial debonding.

However, high quality structures of this type are difficult to fabricate in miniature size at acceptable cost.

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