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Grass endophyte

a technology of endophytes and grasses, which is applied in the field of fungal endophytes, can solve the problems of poor reproductive capacity both in conception and bringing the fetus to term, low milk production, and low energy

Inactive Publication Date: 2014-01-30
CROPMARK SEEDS
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  • Summary
  • Abstract
  • Description
  • Claims
  • Application Information

AI Technical Summary

Benefits of technology

The invention is directed to a method of protecting plants from stress by artificially infecting them with an endophyte-containing composition that produces lolines. The endophyte does not produce toxic alkaloids that can harm ruminant animals. The endophyte is Neotyphodium uncinatum, var. U2. The infected plants show improved resistance to stress caused by insects and can be used in the production of forage crops. The invention also provides a method of protecting a host grass from stress by infecting it with an endophyte-containing composition that produces lolines at levels sufficient to provide protection without detectable levels of toxic alkaloids. The endophyte is preferably Neotyphodium uncinatum, var. U2.

Problems solved by technology

Endophytes are transmitted only through seed and their presence requires a laboratory evaluation to confirm Endophyte-infected grasses generally have low palatability to livestock and may lead to a variety of problems when used as livestock feed such as lameness, low energy, poor reproductive capacity both in conception and bringing the fetus to term, and low milk production.
These problems are due to the presence of a range of alkaloids produced by the endophyte which are also responsible for the pest- and drought-resistance.

Method used

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Examples

Experimental program
Comparison scheme
Effect test

example 1

Isolation of Neotyphodium uncinatum, var. U2 and Comparison with Similar Strains

[0040]Neotyphodium uncinatum, var. U2 was isolated from line FP102 of Festuca pratensis (Meadow fescue). Line FP102 originally came from Norway in 1999. Characteristics for Neotyphodium uncinatum, var. U2 were determined and compared with other varieties. For these tests, the endophytic fungus isolated was cultured on 1.5% (w / v) potato dextrose agar at 20° C. in the dark (Christensen M J, Latch G C M, Tapper S A 1991: Variation within isolates of Acremonium endophytes from perennial ryegrasses. Mycol. Res. 95: 918-923). Length of cultivation was generally standardized at 4 weeks, but may be varied according to the isolate. Five plates of each strain were grown.

1) Colony: rate of growth

[0041]Colony radial diameter was measured (two diameters, at right angles, per plate) after 1 week's growth and again after 2, 3 and 4 weeks growth. Radial growth rate per day was calculated and rated “very slow”, “slow”, “...

example 2

Comparison of Neotyphodium uncinatum, var. U2 with Variety Neotyphodium Uncinatum, var. UNC1

[0055]The two varieties were similar in tested characteristics of colony sporulation, colony sectoring, colony color (upper surface), colony shape, colony immersion or margin in agar, colony texture, aerial mycelium density and type, and effect of benomyl on growth. The two varieties differed in colony shape and rate of growth. Neotyphodium uncinatum, var. UNC1 showed a strong growth rate while Neotyphodium uncinatum, var. U2 showed a medium growth rate. Colony shape differed as shown in FIG. 2.

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Abstract

A method of protecting a host grass from stress, such as caused by insect pests, by artificially inoculating the host grass with an endophyte-containing composition is disclosed. The endophyte produces loline at a level sufficient to confer protection to the endophyte-infected host grass and does not produce detectable levels of alkaloids having toxicity to ruminant animals such as sheep, cattle, goats, or deer. In vitro cultures of the endophyteNeotyphodium uncinatum, var. U2 are disclosed as well as infected plants and seeds. The infected plants and seeds produce 5.0-20,000 μg lolines per gram dry weight of grass and do not produce detectable levels of alkaloids having toxicity to ruminant animals such as ergovaline, peramine, lolitrem B and epoxy-Janthitrems.

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION[0001]1. Field of the Invention[0002]This invention relates to fungal endophytes and combinations of endophytes with grass plants.[0003]2. Description of the Related Art[0004]Endophyte-infected grasses are relatively pest-resistant and drought-tolerant, making them ideal candidates for low maintenance situations such as turf purposes and erosion control. The endophyte does not affect either the growth or the appearance of the grass. Endophytes are transmitted only through seed and their presence requires a laboratory evaluation to confirm Endophyte-infected grasses generally have low palatability to livestock and may lead to a variety of problems when used as livestock feed such as lameness, low energy, poor reproductive capacity both in conception and bringing the fetus to term, and low milk production. These problems are due to the presence of a range of alkaloids produced by the endophyte which are also responsible for the pest- and drought-resistance.[...

Claims

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Application Information

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Patent Type & Authority Applications(United States)
IPC IPC(8): A01N65/00A01P7/04A01H15/00A01H5/00C12N1/14A01H5/10A01N63/30
CPCA01H15/00A01N65/00A01N63/30A01N65/44C12N1/00
Inventor CAMERON, NICHOLAS EVAN
Owner CROPMARK SEEDS
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